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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
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Synonyms
Ehretia ferrea, Ferriola buxifolia, Maba buxifolia
Common Names
Ata-ata, Balatinao, Bantolinao, Batulinau, Bibis, Black ebony, Ebano, Ebony, Irumpalei, Irunbali, Kamaho, Karianthovarai, Kathuthovarai, Kaya arang, Kayu arang, Keloran, Ki merak, Kihagilo, Layong, Mariathovarai, Merakan, Mobohagio, Palatinao, Pasiniki, Poeloet, Rangkemi, Riboe-riboe, Sachinit laut, Secherek laut, Tagintin, Ugao, Uti, Yerruti
Regions of Distribution
Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Australia, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, Vanuatu
Common Uses
Billiard-cue butts, Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Furniture, Golf club heads, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Ladders, Light construction, Mathematical instruments, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: strings, Plywood, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative
Heartwood Color
| Black |
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| Black |
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| Brown |
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| Greenish to greyish |
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Sapwood Color
| Yellow |
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| White |
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| White to yellow |
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| Well defined |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Even |
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| Interlocked |
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| Figure |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Striped figure |
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| Interlocked |
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Texture
Luster
Natural Growth Defects
| Yellowish deposits in vessels |
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Natural Durability
| Very durable |
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| Durable |
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| Resistant to termites |
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| Durable |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Non durable |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Very durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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Toxicity
Kiln Schedules
Drying Defects
| Checking |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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| Severe surface checking |
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| Moderate surface checking |
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| Moderate cupping |
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Ease of Drying
| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Difficult |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is misshapen |
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| Bole/stem form is fluted |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| High to severe |
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| Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe |
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Boring
| Fairly difficult to very difficult |
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Carving
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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Mortising
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Moulding
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Nailing
| Pre-Boring Recommended |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Difficult to nail |
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Planing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Difficult to machine |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Screwing
| Pre-boring recommended |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Turning
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Easy to turn |
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Polishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good results |
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Strength Properties
| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu.ft |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = >75 lbs/cu. ft |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 9310 | 14566 | psi |
| Density | | 50 | lbs/ft3 |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3916 | 6397 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1560 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1358 | 1568 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 49 | 49 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 9 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 654 | 1024 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 801 | kg/m3 |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 275 | 449 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 109 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 95 | 110 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 785 | 785 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
References
Bolza, E.,1975,Properties and Uses of 175 Timber Species from Papua New Guinea and West,Irian,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Building Research Report,no.34
Bourdillon, T.F.,1908,The Forest Trees of Travancore,Travancore Government Press
E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3
Eddowes, P.J.,1977,Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea: Their Properties and Uses,Hebano Press, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London
Grant, D.K.S.,1934,Some Local Timbers,Tanzania Forest Department
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A.
Ng, F.S.P.,1978,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 3,Forest Department Ministry of Primary Industries Malaysia
Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols
Purkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New Delhi
Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7
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