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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Trade Name East Indian ebony Family Name Ebenaceae Common Names Anang, East Indian ebony, Ebony persimmon, Kamagong, Kaya arang, Kayu malam, Marblewood, Trayung Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Philippines Common Uses Carvings, Drum sticks, Inlay work, Marquetry, Musical instruments , Organ pipes, Ornamental work , Piano keys, Pianos , Sounding boards, Turnery, Violin bows, Violin, Woodwork , Xylophones Environmental Profile Status unknown due to inadequate information Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Philippines (Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Polillo, Alabat, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, Ctanduanes, Mindoro, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Negros Occidental, Bohol, Agusan, and Basilan). Heartwood Color Brown Black Yellow Pink Highly variable Red Orange Small heartwood Jet black Frequently defective Black heartwood more brittle than lighter colored sapwood Sapwood Color Tan Green/Grey Yellowish after drying Wide Whitish Clearly differentiated from the heartwood The sapwood is wide, and is described as almost white, turning yellowish after drying. It often stains to light gray, either evenly or in streaks and mottlings. Grain Even Figure Straight Irregular Irregular Generally straight, but not always Texture Coarse Medium Fine Even textured Luster Low Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Moderately resistant to attack by termites Heartwood has high natural resistance to decay Wood from Ceylon and India is moderately resistant to attack by termites. Black heartwood has high natural resistance to decay Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Siliceous Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules T3 - C2 (4/4); T3 - C1 (8/4) US Schedule C United Kingdom/T3 - C2 (4/4); T3 - C1 (8/4) US Schedule C United Kingdom Drying Defects Resin Exudation Checking Collapse Distortion Black portions prone to checking during drying Standing Diospyros trees are often girdled and allowed to season before felling Ease of Drying Medium to High Shrinkage Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Difficult Darker wood is difficult to season Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree size is described as small Blunting Effect High to severe Moderate Severe blunting effect on cutting surfaces Boring Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Satisfactory sawing properties Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Possible if prebored Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Special attention required High density makes wood difficult to plane and work Difficult to plane Although the lighter colored sapwood is generally easier to work than the darker heartwood, Diospyros timbers are very difficult to work with hand and machine tools in all woodworking operations because of their brittleness and high density. A reduced angle of 20 degrees has been recommended for planing material containing irregular grain. Wood tends to ride on cutters without adequate pressure. Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Very Good to Excellent Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Good results Steam Bending Exudation Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Excellent results Staining Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Varnishing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9610 15820 psi Crushing Strength 758 1289 psi Density 52 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1486 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4586 7958 psi Shearing Strength 1742 psi Static Bending 5923 9918 psi Stiffness 1431 1959 1000 psi Toughness 409 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.58 0.63 Weight 51 42. lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 675 1112 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 53 90 kg/cm2 Density 833 kg/m3 Hardness 674 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 322 559 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 122 kg/cm2 Static Bending 416 697 kg/cm2 Stiffness 100 137 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 471 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.58 0.63 References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H. Reyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila.