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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Silica Content
Staining
Steam Bending
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
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Common Names
Anang, East Indian ebony, Ebony persimmon, Kamagong, Kaya arang, Kayu malam, Marblewood, Trayung
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Philippines
Common Uses
Carvings, Drum sticks, Inlay work, Marquetry, Musical instruments , Organ pipes, Ornamental work , Piano keys, Pianos , Sounding boards, Turnery, Violin bows, Violin, Woodwork , Xylophones
Environmental Profile
| Status unknown due to inadequate information |
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| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
Philippines (Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, Rizal, Laguna, Tayabas, Polillo, Alabat, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon, Ctanduanes, Mindoro, Samar, Biliran, Leyte, Negros Occidental, Bohol, Agusan, and Basilan).
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Black |
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| Yellow |
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| Pink |
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| Highly variable |
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| Red |
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| Orange |
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| Small heartwood |
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| Jet black |
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| Frequently defective |
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Black heartwood more brittle than lighter colored sapwood
Sapwood Color
| Tan |
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| Green/Grey |
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| Yellowish after drying |
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| Wide |
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| Whitish |
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| Clearly differentiated from the heartwood |
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The sapwood is wide, and is described as almost white, turning yellowish after drying. It often stains to light gray, either evenly or in streaks and mottlings.
Grain
| Even |
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| Figure |
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| Straight |
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| Irregular |
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| Irregular |
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| Generally straight, but not always |
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Texture
| Coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Fine |
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| Even textured |
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Luster
Natural Durability
| Durable |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Non-resistant to marine borers |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Moderately resistant to attack by termites |
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| Heartwood has high natural resistance to decay |
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Wood from Ceylon and India is moderately resistant to attack by termites. Black heartwood has high natural resistance to decay
Odor
| Has an odor |
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| No specific smell or taste |
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Silica Content
Toxicity
Kiln Schedules
| T3 - C2 (4/4); T3 - C1 (8/4) US |
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| Schedule C United Kingdom/T3 - C2 (4/4); T3 - C1 (8/4) US |
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| Schedule C United Kingdom |
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Drying Defects
| Resin Exudation |
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| Checking |
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| Collapse |
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| Distortion |
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| Black portions prone to checking during drying |
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Standing Diospyros trees are often girdled and allowed to season before felling
Ease of Drying
| Medium to High Shrinkage |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Thick Stock Requires Care |
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| Difficult |
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| Darker wood is difficult to season |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Tree height is 50-60 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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Tree size is described as small
Blunting Effect
| High to severe |
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| Moderate |
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| Severe blunting effect on cutting surfaces |
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Boring
Carving
Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Satisfactory sawing properties |
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Gluing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Easy to glue |
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Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
| Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement |
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Nailing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Possible if prebored |
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Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Special attention required |
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| High density makes wood difficult to plane and work |
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| Difficult to plane |
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Although the lighter colored sapwood is generally easier to work than the darker heartwood, Diospyros timbers are very difficult to work with hand and machine tools in all woodworking operations because of their brittleness and high density. A reduced angle of 20 degrees has been recommended for planing material containing irregular grain. Wood tends to ride on cutters without adequate pressure.
Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant sapwood |
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| Resistant heartwood |
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Routing & Recessing
Sanding
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Screwing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Good results |
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Steam Bending
| Exudation |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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Polishing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Excellent results |
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Staining
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Varnishing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 9610 | 15820 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 758 | 1289 | psi |
| Density | | 52 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1486 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 4586 | 7958 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1742 | psi |
| Static Bending | 5923 | 9918 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1431 | 1959 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 409 | inch-lbs |
| Specific Gravity | 0.58 | 0.63 | |
| Weight | 51 | 42. | lbs/ft3 |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 675 | 1112 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 53 | 90 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 833 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 674 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 322 | 559 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 122 | kg/cm2 |
| Static Bending | 416 | 697 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 100 | 137 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 471 | cm-kg |
| Specific Gravity | 0.58 | 0.63 | |
References
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H.
Reyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila.
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