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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Diospyros sanza-minika Trade Name Ankyeyi Family Name Ebenaceae Synonyms Diospyros nsambensis Common Names Ankyeyi, Dubima, Enkyinwine, Esono-afe, Esono-akyenie, Esonoakyi, Esunseka, Flintbark, Kusibiri, Liberia ebony, Okusibiri, Sanza minika, Sanzamouki, Sanzamulike Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Carvings, Flooring, Fuelwood, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Mine timbers, Poles, Posts, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts Heartwood Color Brown Pink Yellow Black Highly variable Red Orange White to cream Brown Sapwood Color Tan Green/Grey Same as heartwood Even Figure Straight Irregular Birds-eye (figure) Straight Interlocked Texture Coarse Medium Fine Luster Low Natural Growth Defects Brittleheart is often frequent and extensive Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Moderately durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Non durable Susceptible to termite (Isoptera) attack Odor Has an odor Silica Content Siliceous Light-Induced Color Change Darker Toxicity Some toxic effects Respiratory effects Dermatitic effects Kiln Schedules Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is slow Drying Defects Resin Exudation Checking Collapse Distortion Ease of Drying Medium to High Shrinkage Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Kiln Drying Rate Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is misshapen Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Moderate Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Possible if prebored Holds satisfactorily Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is permeable Sapwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Screwing Very Good to Excellent Results Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Steam Bending Exudation Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Staining Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Varnishing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Strength Properties Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = very high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12968 19750 psi Density 56 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2940 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6047 8931 psi Shearing Strength 2205 psi Stiffness 1665 1923 1000 psi Weight 55 45 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 911 1388 kg/cm2 Density 897 kg/m3 Hardness 1333 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 425 627 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2 Stiffness 117 135 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 881 721 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153 Dalziel, J.M.,1937,The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa,Crown Agents for the Colonies Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Ghana - Timber Marketing Board,1969,Ghana Hardwoods,Timber Marketing Board Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London Kinloch, D., Miller, W.A.,1949,Gold Coast Timbers,Govt. Printer Gold Coast Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159 Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra Leone Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7