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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Diplodiscus paniculatus Trade Name Balobo Family Name Tiliaceae Common Names Api, Bagobo, Balobo, Balogo, Balugo, Balugug, Balungai, Barbo, Barobo, Barolo, Baroto, Baruba, Barubu, Basobo, Bauaobo, Bolato, Bolo, Bukao, Buru, Burusang, Dupdupan, Kideng, Malimbato, Malobo, Manaring, Mangalre, Maobo, Maramani, Marbo, Margapale, Marobo, Mayobo, Pangol-lokilloten, Talu-talu, Tapgam Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Philippines Common Uses Agricultural implements, Heavy construction, Light construction, Poles, Posts Environmental Profile Vulnerable in parts of its natural habitat Endangered within most of its growth range (and may soon be Extinct if adverse environmental practices persist) Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Adverse conditions threatening the species include over-exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat, and seriously depleted species populations Distribution Overview Widely distributed and common at low to medium elevations in the primary and secondary forests of the Philippines. Heartwood Color Brown Pink Yellow Black Highly variable Red Orange Pale reddish brown Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color Tan Green/Grey Not clearly differentiated from the heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Even Straight Straight Texture Coarse Medium Fine to medium Medium Fine Luster Low Lustrous Fairly lustrous Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Low natural resistance to decay when in contact with the ground Heartwood durable under cover Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Siliceous Toxicity Some toxic effects Drying Defects Resin Exudation Checking Collapse Distortion May warp May shrink May check Shrinkage is medium, and there is a slight tendency for the wood to check. Warping is also medium Ease of Drying Medium to High Shrinkage Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thick Stock Requires Care Fairly easy Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm The tree is small to medium in size Blunting Effect High to severe Moderate Medium dulling effect on cutting edges Boring Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory nailing properties Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good planing properties Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Painting Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Polishing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Staining Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Satisfactory staining properties Varnishing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Strength Properties Resists denting and marring Max. crushing strength = high Heavy Crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = very high The bending strength qualities of this species in the air-dry condition is very high, far superior to those of Mahogany. Compression strength parallel to grain in the air-dry condition is high. Teak, White oak, and Hard maple have high crushing strength. It is moderately hard and resistant to wearing and marring. It is a very heavy wood. The wood is high in density. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11541 18251 psi Crushing Strength 1110 1687 psi Density 48 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1607 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5129 8014 psi Shearing Strength 1617 psi Static Bending 6843 11443 psi Stiffness 1673 2077 1000 psi Toughness 361 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.6 0.62 Weight 47 39. lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 811 1283 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 78 118 kg/cm2 Density 769 kg/m3 Hardness 728 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 360 563 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 113 kg/cm2 Static Bending 481 804 kg/cm2 Stiffness 117 146 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 415 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.6 0.62 References Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Lumberman, 12(5): A-H. Reyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila. Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7