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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning Weathering Scientific Name Dipterocarpus basilanicus Trade Name Apitong Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Common Names Angu, Apitong, Basilan, Basilan apitong, Bebe, Dau, Eng, Heng, Huevos de gato, In, Keruing, Lagan, Lagunero, Mututi, Nogal falso, Palo de pollo, Pau sangua, Sangre, Sangre de drago, Sangrillo, Yang, Yaya sangre Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Philippines Common Uses Boat building, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Canoes, Construction, Core Stock, Crossties, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Form work, Heavy construction, Lifeboats, Light construction, Pallets, Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Plywood, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Structural plywood, Sub-flooring, Utility plywood, Veneer Environmental Profile Status unknown due to inadequate information Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Basilan Island in the Philippines. It is locally abundant, growing at elevations of 1650 to 1980 feet (500 to 600 m). Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Red Purple Orange Black Reddish brown Pinkish tint Orangish to pinkish Darkens with age Dark brown Color varies considerably Sapwood Color Yellow White Brown Wide Grey Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Buff Grain Interlocked Interlocked Texture Fine Medium Resinous and oily Moderately fine to coarse Luster Low Medium Dull Natural Durability Very durable Durable Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to termite attack Susceptible to attack by marine borers Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles Moderate resistance Heartwood resistance to attack varies by species Low resistance to marine borers despite high silica content in some species Weathering Excellent Odor Has an odor Strong resinous smell associated with freshly cut wood No specific taste Silica Content Contains varying amounts of silica Dipterocarpus timbers are reported to contain varying amounts of silica, generally less than 0.5% of ovendry weight. Silica levels above 0.05% are believed to be high enough to affect some wood properties Toxicity Sawdust can cause skin irritation in some individuals Kiln Schedules T3 - D2 (4/4); T3 - D1 (8/4) US Schedule D - United Kingdom Drying Defects Checking Distortion Warping can be expected Drying at high temperatures may cause resin exudation Collapse Checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade High shrinkage is common Difficult to season, especially thick or quartered stock Radial - 2.5 to 5.5% Shrinkage from green to 12% MC Tangential - 7.5 to 11.5% Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 30-40 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 40-50 m Comments Exudates - The wood contains resin which tends to exude on to surfaces of material dried at high temperatures Timber produced by Dipterocarpus species from Malaysia are reported to vary considerably in Characteristics. Blunting Effect Fairly severe blunting effect on cutters Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Saw teeth blunted rapidly and severely by some stock Satisfactory sawing properties Tungsten carbide-tipped saws are recommended for seasoned material Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly difficult to glue Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement Significant movement The timbers are reported to exhibit high shrinkage during drying, and tends to move significantly in use Nailing Satisfactory nailing properties Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Straight grained and easy to work in most machining operations Special attention required Resin may clog equipment Timber with interlocked grain requires a reduced angle of 20 degrees in planing operations for best results Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to Work Sanding Good sanding properties Extra care required for stock with high amounts of resin Turning Wood containing silica may severely blunt cutting edges Resin exudation may clog cutters Good turning and woodworking, especially when green Straight-Grained material works to a clean, but slightly fibrous finish. Blunting effect on cutting edges can be rather severe if the wood contains silica, and resin exudation tends to clog up cutters. Steam Bending Steaming accompanied by severe resin exudation Poor Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Difficult to polish because of high resin content Staining High resin content adversely affects most finishing treatments Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7546 13916 psi Crushing Strength 474 787 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Hardness 888 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3469 7233 psi Shearing Strength 1328 psi Static Bending 4572 9589 psi Stiffness 1519 2146 1000 psi Toughness 320 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.47 0.54 Weight 45 37. lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 530 978 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 33 55 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Hardness 402 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 243 508 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 93 kg/cm2 Static Bending 321 674 kg/cm2 Stiffness 106 150 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 368 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.47 0.54 References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Lumberman, 12(5):A-H. Reyes, L.J. 1938. Philippine Woods. Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Technical Bulletin 7, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Bureau of Printing, Manila. Tamesis, F. and L. Aquilar. 1953. The Philippine Mahogany and Other Dipterocarp Woods. Popular Bulletin No. 44. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Republic of the Philippines, Manila.