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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resin Content Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Dipterocarpus borneensis Trade Name Yang Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Common Names Angu, Apitong, Bebe, Dau, Eng, Heng, Huevos de gato, In, Keruing, Lagan, Lagunero, Mututi, Nogal falso, Palo de pollo, Pau sangua, Sangre, Sangre de drago, Sangrillo, Yang, Yaya sangre Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Beams, Boat building, Building construction, Cabin construction, Canoes, Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Crossties, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Heavy construction, Joists, Lifeboats, Light construction, Pallets, Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Plywood, Porch columns, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Shipbuilding, Structural plywood, Sub-flooring, Utility plywood, Veneer Environmental Profile Vulnerable Abundant/Secure Status unknown due to inadequate information Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Sumatra), Malaysia (Sarawak). This tree is commonly found in lowland heath forest and occasionally in mixed swamp forest. Heartwood Color Yellow Orange Brown Red Pink Reddish brown Pinkish tint Orangish to pinkish Dark brown Dark brown Color varies considerably Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Tan Green/Grey Wide Grey Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Buff Grain Even Straight Interlocked Straight to shallowly interlocked Texture Fine Medium Coarse Moderately coarse Luster Medium High Non-lustrous Dull Natural Durability Resistant to termites Moderately durable Durable Resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-resistant to marine borers Non-durable Susceptible to termite attack Susceptible to attack by marine borers Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles Moderate resistance Heartwood resistance to decay varies by species Despite high silica content in some species, resistance to marine borers is low Odor Strong resinous smell associated with freshly cut wood No specific taste Silica Content High Likely to have significant impact on machining Contains silica Some Dipterocarpus timbers contain silica, which causes severe and rapid blunting of cutting edges in machining operations. Amount of silica is generally less than 0.5% (of ovendry weight). A silica level of 0.05% is usually considered to be high enough to affect the machining properties of wood Resin Content Discharges resin on to surfaces when dried at high temperatures Contains resin Toxicity Some toxic effects Sawdust can cause skin irritation in some individuals Kiln Schedules T3 - D2 (4/4); T3 - D1 (8/4) US Schedule D - United Kingdom Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Warping can be expected Drying at high temperatures may cause resin exudation Collapse Checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade High shrinkage is common Difficult to season, especially thick or quartered stock Radial - 2.5 to 5.5% Shrinkage from green to 12% MC Tangential - 7.5 to 11.5% Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Naturally dries quickly Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 40-50 m Bole length is 10-20 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Bole length is 30-40 m Tree has merchantable lengths of about 70 feet (21 m) Certified Source Certified Source Blunting Effect High to severe Moderate Fairly severe blunting effect on cutters Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Easy to saw Gum-Up Saw teeth blunted rapidly and severely by some stock Satisfactory sawing properties Tungsten carbide-tipped saws are recommended for seasoned material Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Fairly difficult to glue Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Large The timbers are reported to exhibit high shrinkage during drying and rather large movement in use Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Pre-Boring Recommended Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory nailing properties Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Straight grained and easy to work in most machining operations Special attention required Resin may clog equipment Timber with interlocked grain requires a reduced angle of 20 degrees in planing operations for best results Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good sanding properties Extra care required for stock with high amounts of resin Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Poor to Very Poor Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Wood containing silica may severely blunt cutting edges Good turning and woodworking, especially when green Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Suitable for slicing Veneers moderately easy No drying degrade Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Steaming accompanied by severe resin exudation Poor Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Resin exudation impacts polishing/finishing Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9996 17934 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1490 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4773 9359 psi Stiffness 1695 2249 1000 psi Toughness 235 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.57 Weight 45 37. lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 702 1260 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Hardness 675 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 335 658 kg/cm2 Stiffness 119 158 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 270 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.57 References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1