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Blunting Effect
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resin Content
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Silica Content
Steam Bending
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Size
Turning
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
Angu, Apitong, Bebe, Dau, Eng, Gurjun, Heng, Huevos de gato, In, Keruing, Lagan, Lagunero, Mututi, Nogal falso, Palo de pollo, Pau sangua, Sangre, Sangre de drago, Sangrillo, Yang, Yaya sangre
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Malaysia
Common Uses
Beams, Boat building, Building construction, Cabin construction, Canoes, Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Crossties, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Heavy construction, Joists, Lifeboats, Light construction, Pallets, Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Plywood, Porch columns, Railroad ties, Rough construction, Shipbuilding, Structural plywood, Sub-flooring, Utility plywood, Veneer
Environmental Profile
| Status unknown due to inadequate information |
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| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak). A very large tree found in mixed dipterocarp forests on undulating land and hillsides. It is an important source of keruing timber.
Heartwood Color
| Yellow |
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| Brown |
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| Orange |
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| Green/grey |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Pinkish tint |
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| Pink |
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| Orangish to pinkish |
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| Darkens with age |
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| Dark brown |
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| Color varies considerably |
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Sapwood Color
| Wide |
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| Grey |
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| Clearly differentiated from the heartwood |
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| Buff |
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Grain
| Even |
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| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Straight to shallowly interlocked |
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Texture
Luster
Natural Durability
| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Non-durable |
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| Perishable |
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| Susceptible to termite attack |
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| Susceptible to attack by marine borers |
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| Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles |
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| Moderate resistance |
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| Heartwood resistance to decay varies by species |
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Despite high silica content in some species, resistance to marine borers is low
Odor
| Strong resinous smell associated with freshly cut wood |
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| No specific taste |
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Silica Content
| Likely to have significant impact on machining |
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| Contains silica |
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Some Dipterocarpus timbers contain silica, which causes severe and rapid blunting of cutting edges in machining operations. Amount of silica is generally less than 0.5% (of ovendry weight). A silica level of 0.05% is usually considered to be high enough to affect the machining properties of wood
Resin Content
| Discharges resin on to surfaces when dried at high temperatures |
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| Contains resin |
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Toxicity
| Sawdust can cause skin irritation in some individuals |
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Kiln Schedules
| T3 - D2 (4/4); T3 - D1 (8/4) US |
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| Schedule D - United Kingdom |
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Drying Defects
| Collapse |
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| Distortion |
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| Internal Honeycombing Possible |
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| Warping can be expected |
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| Drying at high temperatures may cause resin exudation |
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| Collapse |
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| Checking |
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Ease of Drying
| High shrinkage is common |
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| Difficult to season, especially thick or quartered stock |
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Radial - 2.5 to 5.5%
Shrinkage from green to 12% MC
Tangential - 7.5 to 11.5%
Tree Size
| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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Tree has merchantable lengths of about 70 feet (21 m)
Blunting Effect
| Fairly severe blunting effect on cutters |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Saw teeth blunted rapidly and severely by some stock |
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| Satisfactory sawing properties |
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Tungsten carbide-tipped saws are recommended for seasoned material
Gluing
Movement in Service
The timbers are reported to exhibit high shrinkage during drying and rather large movement in use
Nailing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory nailing properties |
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Planing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Straight grained and easy to work in most machining operations |
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| Special attention required |
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| Resin may clog equipment |
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Timber with interlocked grain requires a reduced angle of 20 degrees in planing operations for best results
Resistance to Impregnation
| Permeable sapwood |
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| Permeable heartwood |
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| Sapwood is moderately resistant |
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| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Sanding
| Good sanding properties |
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| Extra care required for stock with high amounts of resin |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Wood containing silica may severely blunt cutting edges |
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| Good turning and woodworking, especially when green |
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Veneering Qualities
| Suitable for peeling |
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| Veneers easily |
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| Veneers moderately easy |
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Steam Bending
| Steaming accompanied by severe resin exudation |
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| Poor |
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Polishing
| Resin exudation impacts polishing/finishing |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 9496 | 14803 | psi |
| Density | | 46 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1009 | lbs |
| Impact Strength | 26 | 37 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 4827 | 8128 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1735 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1859 | 1980 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 235 | inch-lbs |
| Work to Maximum Load | 12 | 20 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.57 | | |
| Weight | 45 | 37. | lbs/ft3 |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 667 | 1040 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 737 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 457 | kg |
| Impact Strength | 65 | 93 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 339 | 571 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 121 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 130 | 139 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 270 | cm-kg |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.84 | 1.40 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.57 | | |
References
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
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