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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Dryobalanops lanceolata Trade Name Kapur Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Common Names Borneo camphorwood, Kapur, Keladan Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Indonesia, Malaysia Common Uses Bent Parts, Boat building, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Construction, Core Stock, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stools, Structural plywood, Sub-flooring, Utility furniture Environmental Profile Generally secure within its natural habitat Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview Indonesia (Kalimantan) and Malaysia (Sabah). This is the tallest recorded dipterocarp tree. Its kapur timber fetches the highest prices in Borneo and the species is also a major source of Borneo camphor. Heartwood Color Red Yellowish Reddish brown Pinkish tint Fine resin ducts Darkens after prolonged exposure Sapwood Color Yellowish brown Wide Whitish Pinkish Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Even Straight Interlocked Texture Fine Medium coarse to coarse Even textured Luster High Natural Durability Very durable Durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles Heartwood has high natural resistance to attack by fungi Odor Camphor like odor associated with freshly cut wood The smell persists for some time even in the seasoned wood. It does, however, disappear with time Kiln Schedules T10 - D4S (4/4); T8 - D3S (8/4) US Schedule H - United Kingdom Drying Defects Checking Distortion Collapse Internal Honeycombing Possible Slight twist/warp Slight cupping Existing shakes may open up Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Slowly Dries very well Dries slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Size Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Mature Dryobalanops trees attain heights of 200 to 250 feet (60 to 75 m), with trunk diameters that are commonly 36 to 60 inches (90 to 150 cm), occasionally reaching 132 inches (335 cm). Boles are straight and free of branches for about 90 to 100 feet (27 to 30 m) above well developed buttresses Product Sources Kapur is the trade name of timber from several species of Dryobalanops that are usually marketed together. Comments Effect on Textiles and Metals - A yellow chemical in the sapwood may stain fabrics under moist conditions. The wood is acidic and may corrode metals it comes in contact with. Iron and iron compounds may also stain the wood under damp conditions Blunting Effect Medium dulling effect on cutting edges Blunting effect is generally medium, but material with interlocked grain can cause severe dulling. Cutting Resistance Moderate blunting of saw teeth Easy to saw Movement in Service Medium Nailing Satisfactory nailing properties Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Responds well to hand and machine tools Moderate blunting effect on cutting edges Easy to plane The timber is reported to plane, bore, mould, mortise, and turn rather easily. Material with interlocked grain can cause cutting edges to dull severely and rapidly Resistance to Impregnation Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Sanding Yields relatively smooth surfaces Easy to sand Screwing Good screwing properties Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Steam Bending Poor to Very Poor Results Moderate Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Staining Satisfactory staining properties Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11917 17037 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1205 lbs Impact Strength 28 36 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5852 9502 psi Shearing Strength 1673 psi Stiffness 1667 1982 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 13 16 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.57 0.69 Weight 51 46 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 837 1197 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Hardness 546 kg Impact Strength 71 91 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 411 668 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 117 kg/cm2 Stiffness 117 139 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.91 1.12 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.57 0.69 Weight 817 737 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Bodig, J. and B. A. Jayne. 1982. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.