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Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Duabanga grandiflora Trade Name Achung Family Name Sonneratiaceae Synonyms Duabanga sonneratoides, Lagerstroemia grandiflora Common Names Achung, Baichua, Bandarhulla, Banderhola, Banderkanda, Bandorhulla, Berembang bukit, Bolchim, Bonderkella, Door, Jarul-jhalna, Kalam, Kamaung-yegyi, Kaungglaung, Khoken, Kochan, Kokan, Laklob, Lampati, Lampatia, Lepcha, Linkwai, Linzin, Ma-u, Ma-u-lettan, Mai-ka-yong, Mai-sa-lao-long, Mau-lettanshe, Myaukngo, Myaukugo, Pedada bukit, Phay, Ramdala, Shala, Tadet-ko, Tadetti, Thitazaw, Thitkazaw Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, India, Malaysia, Philippines Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Canoes, Chairs, Concrete formwork, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Millwork, Paneling, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Tables, Veneer: decorative Heartwood Color Red Pink Purple Brown Pale brown Greenish to greyish Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Reddish brown Sapwood Color White Pink Yellow Same as heartwood Grain Straight Interlocked Wavy Figure Closed Even Distinct (figure) Straight Interlocked Wavy Distinct figure Texture Medium Fine Medium coarse to coarse Coarse Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-durable Perishable Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Non durable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules UK=A US=T2D4/T2D3 Fr=1 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying (speed) is fast Drying Defects Distortion Severe end splitting Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking No twisting or warping No end splitting Moderate twist/warp Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Easy Kiln Drying Rate Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Size Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as poor Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Turning Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy No drying degrade Easy to cut No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting Suitable for peeling Polishing Satisfactory results Staining Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6432 10087 psi Density 30 lbs/ft3 Hardness 544 lbs Impact Strength 22 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3383 5653 psi Shearing Strength 1052 psi Stiffness 1153 1346 1000 psi Weight 29 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 452 709 kg/cm2 Density 480 kg/m3 Hardness 246 kg Impact Strength 55 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 237 397 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 73 kg/cm2 Stiffness 81 94 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 464 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Barber, H.,1940,Air drying tests on Burma timbers,Burma Government Printing and Stationary, Forest Bulletin,No.33 (Economic,Series,No.8) Bhat, R.V.,1970,Pulping of Tropical Hardwoods,Indian Pulp and Paper Technology Association IPPTA,7(3,pp203-214 Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Pearson, R.S.,1917,Note on Kakan or Lamptia Timber. Duabanga sonneratiendes Ham,Indian Forest Bulletin,No.36 Purkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New Delhi Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24 Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Tropical Timber Information Centre,1975,Duabanga spp. (Sonneratiacene,State University, New York TTIC Brief No.27 Whitmore, T.C. (Ed.,1972,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 1,Forest Department Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Malaysia