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Blunting Effect
Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Painting
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
| |
Synonyms
Dammara australis
Common Names
Cowdie, Cowdie pine, Cowrie, Kauri, Kauri pine, Kaurie, Kawri, New Zealand kauri, New Zealand kauri pine, New Zealand pine, New Zealand pitch tree, Southern dammar
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
New Zealand
Common Uses
Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Chemical derivatives, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Paneling, Pencil, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Shade rollers, Shingles, Turnery, Vats, Veneer
Distribution Overview
This species is found on the northern peninsula of the North Island of New Zeland, at low elevations (Silba 1986). It lives in forests which include Podocarpus totara, Dacrydium cupressinum, and Podocarpus ferruginoides.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| Orange |
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| Red |
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| Green/grey |
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| White |
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| Purple |
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| Black |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Brown |
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| Greenish to greyish |
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| Pale brown |
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| Reddish brown |
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| White to cream |
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| Red |
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| Dark brown |
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| Dark brown |
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Sapwood Color
| Green/Grey |
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| Red |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| White |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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| Well defined |
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| Color not distinct from heartwood |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Figure |
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| Mottled (figure) |
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| Growth rings (figure) |
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| Even |
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| Closed |
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| Distinct (figure) |
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| Wavy |
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| Rays (figure) |
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| Variable (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Mottled figure |
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| Clear growth rings (figure) |
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| Wavy |
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| Variable figure |
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| Rays figure |
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| Distinct figure |
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Texture
Luster
Natural Durability
| Moderately durable |
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| Durable |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Perishable |
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| Non-durable |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present |
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| Non durable |
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Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a moderate speed |
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| Drying (speed) is fast |
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| Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid |
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| Dry at a slow speed |
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Drying Defects
| Distortion |
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| Checking |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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| Slight twist/warp |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Rapidly |
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| Slowly |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Easy |
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| Moderate |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries at a moderate speed |
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| Naturally dries quickly |
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| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Rapid |
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| Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast |
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| Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is straight |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Bark width is greather than 50 mm |
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| Bole length is 30-40 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 300-350 cm |
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| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Tree height is 50-60 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Bark width is 40-50 mm |
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| Sapwood width is 10-15 cm |
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| Bark width is 25-30 mm |
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| Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm |
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| Sapwood width is 5-10 cm |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Little |
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| Moderate |
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| Blunting effect on machining is slight |
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| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
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Boring
| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Easy |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Easy to glue |
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Mortising
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Finishes satisfactorily |
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| Easy to mortise |
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Moulding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Good finishing results |
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| Easy to mould |
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Movement in Service
| Excellent Stability - Small Movement |
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| Stable |
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Nailing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Holds nails well |
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| Easy to nail |
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Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Easy to plane |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Heartwood is resistant |
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| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Routing is easy |
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Screwing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Screwing yields good results |
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| Easy to screw |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Good results |
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| Easy to turn |
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Painting
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Good results |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Good results |
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Staining
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Staining (Characteristic) = non-staining |
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| Finish is generally good |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 8535 | 13337 | psi |
| Density | | 35 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 657 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3620 | 5984 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1269 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1589 | 1835 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 34 | 27 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 600 | 937 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 560 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 298 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 254 | 420 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 89 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 111 | 129 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 544 | 432 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
References
Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London
Cockayne, L. and Phillips Turner, E.,1958,The trees of New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.12
Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London
Entrican, A.R.,1949,The properties and uses of Kauri (Agathis australis,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.7
Forest Products Research Laboratory U.K.,1957,A Handbook of Softwoods,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research,HMSO
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research
Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.
Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12
Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press
Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London
Smith, S.W. and Entrican, A.R.,1957,Forestry in New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.1
Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. London
Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.
Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
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