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Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Scientific Name Enantia chlorantha Trade Name African yellow wood Family Name Annonaceae Common Names African yellow wood, Banuke, Baoue, Bawe, Belvi, Bololo, Bonuke, Bonuku bololo, Bopalo, Chibo, Debima, Dua sika, Dubuma, Ehranbabogo, Erenbavbogo, Esabawogo, Esuro, Gbawe, Kakerim, Kakerin, Koduben, Kpaini, Mbawe, Mfo, Mfol, Mfoo, Moambe jaune, Mpouley, Muamba jaune, Nfoo, Nje, Njie, Osomolu, Osopupa, Sohn, Woyoyo, Yaru, Yellow wood Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Angola, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Zaire Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chemical derivatives, Flooring, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Millwork, Mine timbers, Particleboard, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative Heartwood Color Brown Green/grey Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Greenish to greyish Sapwood Color White Yellow Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Straight Even Straight Texture Medium Fine Coarse Fine to medium Medium Fine Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Non durable Moderately durable Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to marine borer attack Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Easy to glue Nailing Easy to nail Planing Poor to Very Poor Results Planes well, to a good finish Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Polishing Good results Strength Properties Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Volumetric = very small Shrinkage, Volumetric = small Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Hardness (side grain) = soft Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9615 14970 psi Density 30 lbs/ft3 Hardness 657 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3472 5777 psi Shearing Strength 882 psi Stiffness 1131 1321 1000 psi Weight 29 25 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 676 1052 kg/cm2 Density 480 kg/m3 Hardness 298 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 244 406 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 62 kg/cm2 Stiffness 79 92 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 464 400 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153 Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France Gutierrez Oliva, A., Plaza Pulgar, F.,1967,Caracteristicas fisico-mecanicas de las maderas Espanolas. (Physical and,mechanical properties of Spanish timbers.,Min.Agric./Dir.Gen Montes/Instituto Forestral de Investigaciones,y,Experiencias, Madrid pp102 Hedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la Cameroun Keay, R.W.J., et al,1960,Nigerian Trees Vol.1,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Kennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer Lagos Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 United Kingdom - H.M.S.O.,1954,Report of the Matchwood Working Party,H.M.S.O. for the Board of Trade and Ministry of Materials Unwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. London