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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Certified Source
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Silica Content
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Substitutes
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
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Synonyms
Cryptocarya palmerstonii
Common Names
Australian black walnut, Australian endiandra, Australian laurel, Australian walnut, Black mahogany, Black walnut, Medang walnut, Oriental wood, Orientalwood, Queensland laurel, Queensland walnut, Queenwood, Walnut bean
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Australia
Common Uses
Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Construction, Door, Flooring, Furniture, Insulating boards, Interior construction, Joinery, Millwork, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Paneling , Paneling, Plywood, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative
Environmental Profile
| Vulnerable |
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| Abundant/Secure |
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| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
Confined to Northern Queensland (Australia), chiefly in the coastal districts. Thrives in heavy rain fall areas and is one of the most common trees in Queensland
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Purple |
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| Red |
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| Black |
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| Dark brown |
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| Pale red to pink |
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| Pale brown |
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| Brown |
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| Greenish to greyish |
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| Black |
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| Pinkish brown |
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Often streaked with pinkish, grayish green or black stripes on quartered surfaces
Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Green/Grey |
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| Brown |
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| Red |
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| Yellow |
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| White to yellow |
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| Well defined |
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| Light brown |
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| Different than heartwood |
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3 to 4 inches (7.6 to 10 cm) in width.
Grain
| Figure |
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| Wavy |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Interlocked |
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| Straight |
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| Distinct (figure) |
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| Other (figure) |
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| Closed |
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| Even |
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| Variable (figure) |
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| Rippled (figure) |
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| Irregular |
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| Mottle |
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| Wavy |
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| Striped figure |
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| Interlocked |
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| Straight |
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| Distinct figure |
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| Other figure |
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| Variable figure |
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| Rippled figure |
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| Occasionally wavy |
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| Mottled or streaked figure sometimes |
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| Irregular |
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Checkered or broken stripe figure
Texture
| Coarse |
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| Even or uniform |
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| Uniform |
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| Medium |
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| Medium |
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| Fine |
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| Fine to medium |
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| Even textured |
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Luster
| Low |
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| Lustrous |
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| Slightly lustrous |
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Natural Durability
| Moderately durable |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Resistant to termites |
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| Non-resistant to marine borers |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Durable |
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| Perishable |
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| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Non-resistant to pinhole borers |
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| Non-durable |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Non durable |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Susceptible to pinhole borer |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Perishable |
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| Moderately durable |
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Odor
| No characteristic taste |
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| May have a slightly disagreeable smell when green |
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Silica Content
| Siliceous |
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| Moderate silica contact |
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| Silica levels of 0.19% to 1.08% |
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| Severe |
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0.05% silica content is considered as the threshold above which wood machining properties become affected.
Kiln Schedules
| Drying (speed) is fast |
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| Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow |
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| Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid |
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Drying Defects
| Internal Honeycombing Possible |
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| Collapse |
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| Distortion |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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| Moderate end spitting |
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| Slight collapse and honeycomb |
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| No surface checking |
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| Moderate surface checking |
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| Severe surface checking |
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| Moderate collapse and honeycombing |
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| Slight twist/warp |
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| Moderate cupping |
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There is some tendency for thinner material to distort during kiln drying. Thicker stock may split, and thinner stock may warp during air seasoning. End-coating and weighting down of stacks have been recommended to prevent degrade in air-drying. The timber responds well to re-conditioning treatment.
Ease of Drying
| Variable |
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| Slowly |
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| Fairly Easy |
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| Medium to High Shrinkage |
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Thinner stock is reported to kiln dry rapidly, with little or no degrade. Thicker stock tends to be more difficult to dry since they are liable to degrade
Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast |
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| Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) |
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| Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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Tree Size
| Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Sapwood width is 0-5 cm |
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| Sapwood width is 5-10 cm |
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| Bole length is 30-40 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Tree height is 50-60 m |
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| Tree height is 60-70 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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Product Sources
Queensland walnut is rather scarce on the American market, and is usually priced in the costly range, when available.
Certified Source
Substitutes
Ovangkol (Guibourtia ehie)
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Moderate |
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| High to severe |
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| Blunting effect on machining is severe |
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| Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate |
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| High effect due to high silica content |
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Boring
| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Fair to good results |
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Carving
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult |
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| Specially-tipped cutters recommended |
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| Difficult to saw |
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An increased tooth-pitch is recommended when using bandsaws.
Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Easy to glue |
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| Glues well |
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Mortising
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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Moulding
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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Movement in Service
| Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement |
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| Medium |
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Nailing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Satisfactory nailing properties |
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| Holds nails well |
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Planing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Planes to a smooth surface |
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| Difficult to plane |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Heartwood is highly resistant |
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| Very difficult to treat |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Difficult to machine |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Moderate working qualities |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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Sanding
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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Screwing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Easy to screw |
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| Good screw holding properties |
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| Fairly good characteristics |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Easy to turn |
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| Responds satisfactorily |
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Veneering Qualities
| Easy to cut |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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| No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting |
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| Moderately easy to veneer |
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Steam Bending
| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Poor |
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| Moderate |
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| Not recommended |
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Painting
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good results |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Good results |
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| Excellent results |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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| Stains very well |
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| Stains evenly |
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Varnishing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Hardness (side grain) = medium |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium |
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| High in density |
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| Heavy |
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High insulation properties which are 50 times greater than most woods
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 9310 | 14566 | psi |
| Density | | 42 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1658 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 6899 | 9945 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 2205 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1435 | 1656 | 1000 psi |
| Specific Gravity | 0.51 | | |
| Weight | 41 | 33 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 8 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 654 | 1024 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 673 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 752 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 485 | 699 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 155 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 100 | 116 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.51 | | |
| Weight | 657 | 528 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
References
Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. Ltd
Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne
Brown, W.H.,1969,Properties and uses of Tropical hardwoods in the United Kingdom. Part 1,Nonstructural properties and uses.,Conference on Tropical hardwoods SC-5/TN-5, Syracuse University
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London
Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London
Constantine Jr., H. 1975. Know Your Woods - A Complete Guide to Trees, Woods, and Veneers. Revised by H.J. Hobbs. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough
Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research
Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment
Francis, W.D.,1951,Australian Rain-forest Trees,Commonwealth of Australia - Forestry and Timber Bureau
Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277
Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32
HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting
Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1
Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13
Kline, M. 1987. Endiandra palmerstoni - Queensland walnut. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 151-152.
Kribbs, D.A. 1959. Commercial Foreign Woods on the American Market. Buckhout Lab., Dept. of Botany, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.
Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory
Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.
Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press
Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London
Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7
The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8
Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.
Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition
Wallis, N.K. 1956. Australian Timber Handbook. Sponsored by The Timber Development Association of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, Australia.
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