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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Engelhardtia roxburghiana Trade Name Aroi-oi Family Name Juglandaceae Synonyms Engelhardtia roxburghiana, Juglans pterococca Common Names Aroi-oi, Bibit, Bolas, Bor-patta-jam, Dinglaba, Hananlod, Kharhod, Ki hoedjan, Ki keper, Klimasawa, Limbunga, Lupisan, Magapisa, Mahua, Marasawa, Mesaw, Moglipoma, Mowa, Payong-yong, Pedped, Petsut, Pingol, Pyinsit, Rumgach, Salotsot, Salutsut, Savyak, Silapoma, Taguhusai, Tariokan, Taungtamasok, Thitsawbwa, Thitswebwe, Vakru Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand Common Uses Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Food containers, Furniture, Heavy construction, Light construction, Matches Heartwood Color Red Brown Purple Greenish to greyish Brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Pink Green/Grey White to yellow Different than heartwood Grain Interlocked Even Straight Figure Weak (figure) Interlocked Weak figure Straight Texture Medium Coarse Fine Medium to coarse Medium Fine to medium Luster Low Lustrous Natural Durability Resistant to termites Durable Very durable Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Non durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Odor Has an odor Drying Defects Splitting Distortion Checking Internal Honeycombing Possible No twisting or warping Ease of Drying Slowly Moderately Difficult to Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Bark width is 5-10 mm Bark width is 15-20 mm Bark width is 10-15 mm Tree height is 40-50 m Sapwood width (cm) = 5 - <10 Blunting Effect Moderate Little Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gum-Up Moderate to saw Gluing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Planes to a poor finish Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Pre-boring recommended Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Painting Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Hardness (side grain) = soft Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Toughness (total work) = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6751 10584 psi Density 28 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Impact Strength 19 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 3324 5570 psi Shearing Strength 1690 psi Stiffness 1153 1346 1000 psi Weight 27 24 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 474 744 kg/cm2 Density 448 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Impact Strength 48 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 233 391 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 118 kg/cm2 Stiffness 81 94 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 432 384 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Kraemer, J.H.,1951,Trees of the Western Pacific Region,West Lafayette, Indiana U.S.A. Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Varian, H.F., Gallardo, A.C.,1940,Notes on the susceptibility to insect attack of Philippine woods,Philippine Journal of forestry 3(3) pp347-78 Whitmore, T.C. (Ed.,1972,Tree Flora of Malaya A Manual for Foresters Volume 1,Forest Department Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Malaysia