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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Weathering Scientific Name Eschweilera sagotiana Trade Name Manbarklak Family Name Lecythidaceae Common Names Atereba, Black Kakaralli, Black kakeralli, Coco Cristal, Coco de Mono, Common black kakaralli, Haudan, Jarana, Kakaralli, Kakeralli, Kwateri, Kwatru, Manbarklak, Mata mata, Montanero, Oemanbarklak, Olleto, Oxito, Poko, Prukoi, Tamad, Tete Congo Regions of Distribution Central America, Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago Common Uses Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Construction, Crossties, Docks, Dockwork, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Pulpmill equipment, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Sub-flooring, Turnery, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Widespread Some long-term concern for the species Relative endangerment based on number of occurences of species globally May be rare in some parts of its range Globally secure Data source is Nature Conservancy Abundant Distribution Overview In the Guianas and Amapá (Brazil) it can be found in non-flooded forests as a canopy tree. Heartwood Color Brown Green/grey Black Red Reddish brown Pale red to pink Pale brown Greenish to greyish Light brown Grey brown Dark brown Brownish buff Brown Black streaks Sapwood Color White Yellow White to yellow Well defined Paler than heartwood Different than heartwood Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Straight Even Straight Texture Coarse Medium Fine Uniform Luster Dull Slightly lustrous Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to termites Very durable Resistant to attack from marine borers Resistant to marine borer attack Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately resistant to marine borer attack Moderately resistant to attack by termites Heartwood resistant to attack by white rot and brown rot fungi Durable Weathering Good Odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Moderate silica contact Contains silica As high as 2.4% of oven-dry weight 0.05% silica content is considered as the threshold above which wood machining properties become affected. Light-Induced Color Change Darker Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a moderate speed Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Collapse Checking Internal Honeycombing Possible Distortion Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Warping can be expected Slight twist/warp No twisting or warping No surface checking No cupping, generally Checking Drying degrade due to spring and bow tends to be slight Ease of Drying Variable Fairly Easy Thick Stock Requires Care Moderately Difficult to Difficult Difficult Moderate Slow to moderate rates Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect Little Blunting effect on machining is severe High effect due to high silica content Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Moderate to saw Difficult due to high silica content Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Surface Preparation Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Carefully Controlled Conditions Difficult to glue Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Possible if prebored Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Permeable sapwood Resistant sapwood Very difficult to treat Heartwood is highly resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Difficult to machine Poor response to hand tools Difficult due to high silica content Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Moderate Painting Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu.ft Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Density (dry weight) = over 75 lbs/cu. ft Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 17312 24098 psi Crushing Strength 1548 2404. psi Density 59 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2890 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 7410 10679 psi Shearing Strength 2512 psi Static Bending 10466 12603 psi Stiffness 2686 3055 1000 psi Toughness 259 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 11 19 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.74 0.9 Weight 58 54 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 16 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1217 1694 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 108 169. kg/cm2 Density 945 kg/m3 Hardness 1310 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 520 750 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 176 kg/cm2 Static Bending 735 886 kg/cm2 Stiffness 188 214 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 298 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.77 1.33 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.74 0.9 Weight 929 865 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Dickinson, F.E.,1949,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 1,Tropical Woods,13(95,pp1-140 Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulle