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Blunting Effect
Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Substitutes
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities

Scientific Name
Eucalyptus marginata

Trade Name
Jarrah

Family Name
Myrtaceae

Common Names
Jarrah

Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia

Countries of Distribution [VIEW MAP]
Australia

Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Beams, Boat building (general), Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Crossties, Decks, Decorative veneer, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Musical instruments: piano, Naval architecture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Planks, Plywood, Poles, Raft floats, Rafters, Rafts, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shafts/Handles, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tool handles, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Veneer, Wharf construction

Environmental Profile

Status has not been officially assessed

Distribution Overview
Found in coastal belt in the dry savannah in Southwestern Australia. Usually grows in gravely soil.

Heartwood Color

Brown

Red

Yellow

Pink

Orange

Reddish brown

Red

Pale red to pink

Dark brown

Sapwood Color

Red

Brown

Yellow

Paler than heartwood

Uniform pink to dark red, turning to rich brown with age

Grain

Interlocked

Wavy

Figure

Straight

Even

Closed

Mottle

Stripe (figure)

Weak (figure)

Growth rings (figure)

Interlocked

Wavy

Straight

With distinct light and dark bands

Weak figure

Striped figure

Mottled or streaked figure sometimes

A fungus, Fistulina hepatica , can cause dark brown radial flecks on end-grain and boat-shaped flecks on flat sawn surfaces. The markings enhance the appearance of the timber.

Texture

Medium

Fine

Coarse

Medium coarse

Medium

Even textured

Coarse

Natural Growth Defects

Gum/resin streaks

Gum pockets or veins are a common defect

Gum and mineral deposits

Natural Durability

Susceptible to insect attack

Moderately durable

Resistant to powder post beetles

Durable

Non-resistant to termites

Very durable

Non-durable

Non-resistant to marine borers

Perishable

Very durable

Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera)

Durable

Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles

Resistant to attack from marine borers

Wood is fire-resistant

Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)

Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles

Sapwood is resistant to powder post beetle attack

Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log

Heartwood is moderately resistant to attack by termites and marine borers

Odor

No specific smell or taste

Light-Induced Color Change

Darker

Toxicity

Respiratory effects

Kiln Schedules

UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3

Uk = C

T3-C2(4/4) US

T3-C1-(8/4) US

Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow

Partial air drying with low temperatures and high humidity prior to kiln is recommended

Drying Defects

Checking

Internal Honeycombing Possible

Collapse

Distortion

Moderate twist/warp

Slight surface checking

Moderate surface checking

Expect slight collapse and honeycombing

Slight twist/warp

Moderate collapse and honeycombing

Ease of Drying

Moderately Difficult to Difficult

Slowly

Radial and tangential shrinkage from 4-7%

Partial air-seasoning before kiln-drying is recommended

Dries well under good controlled conditions

Green shrinkage = 12%

Kiln Drying Rate

Naturally dries slowly

Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm)

Tree Identification

Bole/stem form is straight

Tree Size

Tree height is 40-50 m

Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm

Tree height is 50-60 m

Tree height is 60-70 m

Tree height is 30-40 m

Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm

Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm

Product Sources
The most widely harvested of the Eucalyptus timbers, Jarrah is available on the world market at moderate prices, but it is plenttiful within its native Australia at a low price.

Substitutes
Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)

Comments
Dense

General finishing qualities are rated as good

Hard and strong

Heavy

High resistance to wear

Blunting Effect

Moderate

High to severe

Blunting effect on machining is moderate

Boring

Fairly easy to very easy

Use very sharp cutting edges to prevent grain from tearing

Irregular grain causing difficulty

Dense

Cutting Resistance

Easy to saw

Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate

Material with interlocked grain can be difficult.

Gluing

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Fair to Good Results

Moderate gluing properties

Easy to glue

Satisfactory gluing properties

Movement in Service

Medium

Nailing

Pre-Boring Recommended

Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult

Pre-boring recommended

Holds nails well

Difficult to nail

Planing

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Very Good to Excellent Results

Fair to Good Results

Very sharp cutting edges are required to produce a smooth surface

Torn grain is common machining defect

Planes to a satisfactory finish

Ease of planing is moderate

A reduced cutting edge of 15 degrees is required

Resistance to Impregnation

Resistant heartwood

Resistant sapwood

Heartwood is extremely resistant

Sapwood is permeable

Heartwood resistance to preservative treatment is very high

Resistance to Splitting

Poor

Response to Hand Tools

Easy to Work

Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work

Difficult to machine

Moderate working qualities

Sanding

Fairly Easy to Very Easy

Contains alkaloids giving it good acid resistance

Sawdust may stain fabric wall finishes

Screwing

Pre-boring recommended

Screwing yields good results

Pre-Boring is recommended in screwing

Turning

Attractive grain when turned

Veneering Qualities

Easy to cut

Suitable for slicing

Suitable for peeling

No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting

Moderately easy to veneer

Peel and slice readily into high quality veneer

Steam Bending

Fair to Good Results

Poor to Very Poor Results

Moderate

Straight-Grained material has satisfactory steam bending characteristics and can be bent to a moderate radius of curvature

Polishing

Fair to Good Results

Very Good to Excellent Results

Good results

Staining

Fair to Good Results

Finish is generally good

Seldom stained due to its natural color; red color may bleed into some finishes

Varnishing

Good results

Finished with varnish or wax

Rarely stained

Strength Properties

Bending strength (MOR) = medium

Max. crushing strength = high

Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft.

Hardness (side grain) = medium

Density (dry weight) = 53-60

Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large

Shrinkage, Tangential = large

Density (dry weight) = 61<

Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.

Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate

Toughness (total work) = very low

Toughness (total work) = low

Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large

Shrinkage, Radial = moderate

Numerical Data

Item	Green	Dry	English

Bending Strength	9695	15531	psi
Crushing Strength	1201	1715	psi
Density		52	lbs/ft3
Hardness		1803	lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength	5629	8930	psi
Shearing Strength		2137	psi
Static Bending	6311	9996	psi
Stiffness	1529	1848	1000 psi
Toughness		125	inch-lbs
Specific Gravity	0.63	0.72
Weight	49	39	lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage	6		%
Tangential Shrinkage	9		%

Item	Green	Dry	Metric

Bending Strength	681	1091	kg/cm2
Crushing Strength	84	120	kg/cm2
Density		833	kg/m3
Hardness		817	kg
Maximum Crushing Strength	395	627	kg/cm2
Shearing Strength		150	kg/cm2
Static Bending	443	702	kg/cm2
Stiffness	107	129	1000 kg/cm2
Toughness		144	cm-kg
Specific Gravity	0.63	0.72
Weight	785	624	kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage	6		%

References
Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. Ltd

Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa.

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48

Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal]

Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75

Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne

Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research

Bolza, E., Kloot, N. H. 1963. The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers. Technological Paper No. 25. Division of Forest Products, Center for Scientific and Industrial Organization (CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia

Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25

Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.

Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO

Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6

Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment

Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277

Hillis, W.E. and A.G. Brown, Editors. 1984. Eucalyptus for Wood Production. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Academic Press, Australia.

HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.

Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.

I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting

Jackson, A. and D. Day. 1991. Good Wood Handbook - The Woodworker's Guide to Identifying, Selecting and Using the Right Wood. Betterway Publications, Cincinnati, Ohio.

Kaiser, J. 1994. Eucalyptus - The Gum from Down Under. Wood & Wood Products. January 1994, Page 48.

Kline, M. 1985. Eucalyptus marginata - Jarrah. In A Guide to Useful Woods of the World, Flynn Jr., J.H., Editor. King Philip Publishing Co., Portland, Maine. Page 155.

Kukachka, B.F.,1970,Properties of Imported Tropical Woods,Forest Research Paper FPL 125

Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.

Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)

Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.

NWFA. 1994. Wood Species Used in Wood Flooring. Technical Publication No. A200. National Wood Flooring Association, Manchester, MO.

Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press

Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London

Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1

Stewart, A.M., Kloot, N.H.,1957,Mechanical Properties of Timbers,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.279

T.R.A.D.A.,1982,Timbers for river and sea constructions,TRADA Wood Information Section 0, Sheet 6

Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7

The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8

U.S.D.A. Forest Service,1974,Wood Handbook,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Handbook,72

Wallis, N.K. 1956. Australian Timber Handbook. Sponsored by The Timber Development Association of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, Australia.

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