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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Plantation species?
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
Australian oak, Brown-top stringy bark, Brown-top stringybark, Messmate, Messmate stringybark, Mountain ash, Obliqua gum, Stringybark, Tasmanian oak, Victorian oak
Plantation species?
Yes
Regions of Distribution
Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Australia, Kenya, New Zealand, South Africa
Common Uses
Beams, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Broom handles, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling , Paneling, Parquet flooring, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Porch columns, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Structural work, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wharf construction
Environmental Profile
| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
Southeastern Australia, including Tasmania. Widespread distribution across the coast and lower ranges of Victoria and Tasmania, and in the tablelands and adjacent ranges of New south Wales and the Queensland south east border region.
Heartwood Color
| Red |
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| Pink |
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| Brown |
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| White |
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| Purple |
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| Pale brown |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Pale red to pink |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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| Color not distinct from heartwood |
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About 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) wide
Grain
| Straight |
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| Figure |
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| Closed |
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| Even |
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| Interlocked |
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| Growth rings (figure) |
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| Generally straight, but not always |
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| Interlocked |
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| Clear growth rings (figure) |
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Quartered surfaces are reported to exhibit a fiddleback figure, although it is usually not prominent.
Texture
| Coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Medium coarse |
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| Fine |
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| Fine to medium |
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| Fairly open |
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Natural Growth Defects
Stone
Natural Durability
| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Durable |
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| Resistant to termites |
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| Non-durable |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Very durable |
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| Non-resistant to marine borers |
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| Perishable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Very durable |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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| Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles |
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| Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles) |
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| Non durable |
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Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Toxicity
| Respiratory effects |
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| Dermatitic effects |
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Kiln Schedules
| Uk = C |
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| UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 |
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Drying Defects
| Splitting |
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| Internal Honeycombing Possible |
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| Collapse |
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| Distortion |
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| Checking |
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| Severe collapse and honeycomb |
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| Moderate collapse and honeycombing |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Severe twisting/warping |
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| Severe surface checking |
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| Severe end splitting |
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| Moderate cupping |
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| Expect slight collapse and honeycombing |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Slowly |
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| Difficult |
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Dries readily and rapidly. Air drying prior to 30%moisture results in most satisfactory response. Backsawn green material is reported to develop surface checks if kiln dried. Quartersawn stock tends to edge-check
Kiln Drying Rate
| Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast |
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| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Rapid |
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| Drying rate is slow |
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Tree Size
| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Tree height is 50-60 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm |
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Comments
Fissile
General finishing qualities are rated as good
General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory
Light
Moderate Strength
Blunting Effect
| Moderate |
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| Little |
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| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
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| Blunting effect on machining is slight |
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Boring
| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Fair to good results |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Easy |
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Carving
| Slight to moderate blunting effect on cutters |
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| Responds satisfactorily to boring, turning and other wood working operations |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Responds satisfactorily to bandsawing |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Easy to glue |
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| Moderate gluing properties |
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| Glues well |
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Mortising
Lunting effect is moderate, but the material has satisfactory mortising properties.
Moulding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Response is satisfactory |
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| Moderate blunting of cutters |
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Movement in Service
| Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement |
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| Medium |
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Nailing
| Pre-Boring Recommended |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Pre-boring recommended |
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| Holds satisfactorily |
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| Difficult to nail |
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Planing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Planes to a satisfactory finish |
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| Planes to a poor finish |
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| Fairly easy to plane |
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| Ease of planing is moderate |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Heartwood is resistant |
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| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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| Sapwood is moderately resistant |
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| Heartwood is resistant to impregnation |
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| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
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Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Moderate working qualities |
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| Satisfactorily |
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| Responds well to hand tools |
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| Difficult to machine |
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Routing & Recessing
| Satisfactory resistance to decay above ground |
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| Finishes poorly |
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Sanding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Contains alkaloids giving it good acid resistance |
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Screwing
| Pre-boring recommended |
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| Easy to screw |
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| Screwing yields satisfactory results |
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| Possible if prebored |
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Turning
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Turns with moderate ease |
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| Gluing properties are satisfactory |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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Veneering Qualities
| Suitable for slicing |
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| Veneers moderately easy |
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| Veneers easily |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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| Moderately easy to veneer |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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| Easy to cut |
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Steam Bending
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Some buckling and fracture of the fibers in steam bending |
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| Good |
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Timber is reported to bend well to a radius of about 6 inches (15 cm)
Painting
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Good results |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Finish is generally good |
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| Responds readily to staining |
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Varnishing
Strength Properties
| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high |
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| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 9898 | 15806 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 844 | 1387 | psi |
| Density | | 45 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1435 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 5449 | 8598 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1784 | psi |
| Static Bending | 6282 | 10094 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1814 | 2154 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 145 | inch-lbs |
| Specific Gravity | 0.57 | 0.7 | |
| Weight | 44 | 34 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 9 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 695 | 1111 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 59 | 97 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 721 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 650 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 383 | 604 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 125 | kg/cm2 |
| Static Bending | 441 | 709 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 127 | 151 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 167 | cm-kg |
| Specific Gravity | 0.57 | 0.7 | |
| Weight | 705 | 544 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 5 | | % |
References
Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1968,Working Properties of some Native and Imported Timbers,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.8
Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1988,Furniture Timbers of New South Wales,Forest Commission, N.S.W., Aust. Tech. Publication No.1
Banks, C.H., and Schwegman, L.M.,1956,Notes on the Properties of the Timber of South African Grown Eucalyptus,obliqua L'Herit.,Journal of South African Forestry Association No.28, 57-60
Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48
Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41
Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
Bolza, E., Kloot, N. H. 1963. The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers. Technological Paper No. 25. Division of Forest Products, Center for Scientific and Industrial Organization (CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia
Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25
Bolza, E.,1976,Timber and Health,Div. Building Res. C.S.I.R.O. Australia
Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment
Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277
Haslett, A.N., Kininmonth, J.A., Revell, D.,1984,Utilisation of New Zealand-grown Eucalypts,What's New in Forest Research No.122
Haslett, A.N.,1988,Properties and utilisation of exotic speciality timbers grown in New,Zealand Part V: Ash Eucalypts and Eucalyptus nitens E. regans,,E.delegatensis, E.fastigata, E.obliqua, E.sieberi, E.fraxinoides, E.nitens,New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.119
Hillis, W.E. and A.G. Brown, Editors. 1984. Eucalyptus for Wood Production. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Academic Press, Australia.
HMSO. 1972. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.
Poynton, R.J.,1957,Notes on Exotic Forest Trees in South Africa (Second Edition, Revised,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.38
Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1
Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7
The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8
Thomas, A.J.,1955,Tasmanian Woods,Forestry Department Tasmania, Bulletin No.1
Timber Development Association,1942,Tasmanian Oak - Eucalyptus obliqua, E. regnans and E. gigantea,TRADA Timber Leaflet No. 30
Wallis, N.K. 1956. Australian Timber Handbook. Sponsored by The Timber Development Association of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Ltd., 89 Castlereagh Street, Sydney, Australia.
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