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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Eucalyptus paniculata Trade Name Black ironbark Family Name Myrtaceae Synonyms Eucalyptus fergusoni Common Names Black ironbark, Grey ironbark, Ironbark, Paniculata gum, Red ironbark, She ironbark, White ironbark Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Decks, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Paneling, Piling, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Toys, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction, Wheel spokes Distribution Overview Distributed along the New South Wales east coast and adjacent foothills in Australia. Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Brown Dark brown Reddish brown Greenish to greyish Pale brown Dark brown Red Sapwood Color Brown Yellow White to yellow Different than heartwood Paler than heartwood Grain Interlocked Straight Even Interlocked Generally straight, but not always Texture Fine Fine to medium Natural Durability Moderately durable Very durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to wood fungal attack Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Moderately durable Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=2 Drying Defects Collapse Checking Internal Honeycombing Possible Slight surface checking Severe surface checking Moderate surface checking Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 50-60 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Difficult Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Gluing Easy to glue Nailing Pre-boring recommended Difficult to nail Planing Difficult to plane Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is permeable Sapwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Difficult to machine Screwing Difficult to screw Turning Good results Polishing Good results Varnishing Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 61< Bending strength (MOR) = high Max crushing strength (stiffness) = very high Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 53-60 Toughness -hammer drop = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Hardness (side grain) = Hard Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 17241 25113 psi Density 53 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2862 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 8859 12223 psi Shearing Strength 2800 psi Stiffness 2441 2838 1000 psi Toughness 250 inch-lbs Work to Maximum Load 12 17 inch-lbs/in3 Weight 52 52 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1212 1765 kg/cm2 Density 849 kg/m3 Hardness 1298 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 622 859 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 196 kg/cm2 Stiffness 171 199 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 288 cm-kg Work to Maximum Load 0.84 1.19 cm-kg/cm3 Weight 833 833 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Audas, J.W.,Native Trees of Australia,Whitcombe & Tombs PTY. Ltd Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Banks, C.H.,1970,The Durability of South African Wood and Wood Base Building Materials,South African Forestry Journal,No.75 Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6 Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277 Hall, N., Et al,1970,Forest Trees of Australia,Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Maiden, J.H.,1917,Forestry Handbook Part II Some of the Principal Commercial Trees of New,South Wales,William Applegate Gullick, Government Printer, Sydney. Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi. Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23 Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Scott, M.H.,1953,Utilisation Notes on South African Timbers,South African Forestry Department Bulletin No.36 South African Lumber Millers Assoc.,1969,Notes on some Commercially Available Hardwoods,S.A.L.M.A. Timber Info. Centre Timber Technical Guide,No.1 Stewart, A.M., Kloot, N.H.,1957,Mechanical Properties of Timbers,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.279 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8