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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Eucalyptus pilularis Trade Name Blackbutt Family Name Myrtaceae Common Names Blackbutt, Eucalyptus, Grey blackbutt, Pilularis gum Regions of Distribution Africa, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, Brazil, Hawaii [US], Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, South Africa, Sri Lanka Common Uses Agricultural implements, Bearings & bushings, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Charcoal, Decks, Door, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Heartwood Color Yellow White Pale brown Pale red to pink Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Brown Sapwood Color Yellow White Paler than heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Straight Interlocked Wavy Closed Even Figure Distinct (figure) Straight Interlocked Wavy Distinct figure Texture Coarse Fine to medium Medium coarse Medium Coarse Luster Straight Interlocked Natural Growth Defects Brittleheart is often frequent and extensive Natural Durability Perishable Moderately durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Non durable Very durable Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 Drying Defects Internal Honeycombing Possible Collapse Distortion Moderate collapse and honeycombing Moderate surface checking Severe surface checking Moderate twist/warp Expect slight collapse and honeycombing Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Slowly Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries at a moderate speed Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Reddish Orangish Yellowish Pinkish Whitish Blunting effect on machining is moderate Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is severe Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Pinkish Whitish Yellowish Easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Gluing Easy to glue Moderate gluing properties Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Pre-boring recommended Difficult to nail Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Difficult to machine Moderate working qualities Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Sanding Easy to sand Screwing Pre-boring recommended Possible if prebored Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Poor Moderate Painting Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Perishable Polishing Satisfactory results Good results Staining Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Density (dry weight) = 53-60 Bending strength (MOR) = high Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = large Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Density (dry weight) = 61< Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = very low Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 13258 20226 psi Density 52 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1569 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 7048 10119 psi Shearing Strength 2151 psi Stiffness 2129 2457 1000 psi Weight 51 41 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 932 1422 kg/cm2 Density 833 kg/m3 Hardness 711 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 495 711 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 151 kg/cm2 Stiffness 149 172 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 817 657 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % References Anderson, R.H.,1947,The Trees of New South Wales,New South Wales Department of Agriculture Australia - Forestry and Timber Bureau,1957,Forest Trees of Australia,Australia Interior Department, Forestry and Timber Bureau Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25 Bootle, K.R.,1971,The Commercial Timbers of New South Wales and their use,Angus & Robertson (publishers) PTY Ltd Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Cause, M.L.; Rudder, E.J. and Kynaston, W.T.,1989,Queensland Timbers Their Nomenclature, Density, and Lyctid Susceptability,Queensland Department of Forestry, Technical Pamplet No.2 Cause, M.L., Et al,1974,The Nomenclature, Density and Lyctus - Susceptibility of Queensland,Timbers,Queensland Forestry Department Pamphlet 13 Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6 Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76 Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277 Hall, N., Et al,1970,Forest Trees of Australia,Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra Haslett, A.N.,1990,Properties and utilisation of exotic speciality timbers grown in New,Zealand Part VI: Eastern Blue Gums and Stringy Barks Eucalyptus,botryoides, E.saligna, E.globoidea, E.muellerana, E.pilaruis,New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.119 Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13 Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7 Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23 Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Skolmen, R.G.,1974,Some woods of Hawaii, properties and uses of 16 commercial species,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest,and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report PSW_8 Streets, R.J.,1962,Exotic Forest Trees in the British Commonwealth,Clarendon Press Oxford Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 The Australian Timber Journal & Building Products, Merchandiser,1969,Timber Durability and Preservation,Supplement to Australian Timber Journal 35(4) Tech. Timb. Guide No.8 Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition