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Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resin Content Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Eucalyptus viminalis Trade Name Manna gum Family Name Myrtaceae Common Names Manna gum, Viminalis gum Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia Common Uses Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Paneling, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Tool handles, Vehicle parts, Veneer Environmental Profile Questionable Vulnerable Extinct Endangered Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Orange Purple Black Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale red to pink White to cream Sapwood Color Yellow White White to yellow Pinkish Color not distinct from heartwood Grain Even Generally straight, but not always Interlocked Texture Fine Medium Even or uniform Uniform Coarse Luster Medium High Low Natural Durability Very durable Resistant to marine borers Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Perishable Odor Has an odor Resin Content buckles Kiln Schedules Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Checking Distortion Splitting Severe collapse and honeycomb Severe twisting/warping Moderate twist/warp Moderate collapse and honeycombing Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Slowly Variable Reconditioning Treatement Difficult Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Rapid Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 40-50 m Bole length is 0-10 m Bole length is 20-30 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory Blunting Effect High to severe Moderate Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Fairly difficult to very difficult Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Poor to Very Poor Results Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Pre-boring recommended Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Planes to a poor finish Easy to plane Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant and splits Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to Work Responds Readily Moderate working qualities Easy to machine Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Satisfactory routing results Sanding Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Pre-boring recommended Possible if prebored Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Suitable for peeling Suitable for slicing There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Drying degrade is moderate to severe due to collapse Steam Bending Good Painting Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Polishing Fair to Good Results Surface Preparation Fairly Easy to Very Easy Staining Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Density (dry weight) = 53-60 Bending strength (MOR) = low Hardness (side grain) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9843 15333 psi Density 48 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5001 7687 psi Shearing Strength 1713 psi Stiffness 1774 2046 1000 psi Weight 47 38 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 6 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 692 1078 kg/cm2 Density 769 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 351 540 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 120 kg/cm2 Stiffness 124 143 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 753 608 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 6 % References Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1968,Working Properties of some Native and Imported Timbers,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.8 Australia - N.S.W. Forestry Commission,1988,Furniture Timbers of New South Wales,Forest Commission, N.S.W., Aust. Tech. Publication No.1 Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25 Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277 Scott, M.H.,1935,Weights of South African Growth Timbers,South African Department of Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin,No.145,Forest Products Institute, Forestry Series No.1 Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7