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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Eugenia dyeriana Trade Name Kelat Family Name Common Names Dangkhao, Kelat, Mao Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Fiji, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand Common Uses Beams, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building materials, Crossties, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Flooring, Foundation posts, Marine construction, Parquet flooring, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Poles, Posts, Rafters, Railroad ties, Roofing, Shipbuilding, Stakes, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Utility poles, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Vulnerable Abundant/Secure Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Indo-Malayan region, extending into the western Pacific islands. Heartwood Color Green/grey Yellow Brown Orange Red Red Pinkish white Greenish to greyish Brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red Paler than heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Gray Grain Closed Figure Interlocked Wavy Wavy Interlocked The wood is described as figureless and rather plain in appearance. Texture Fine Medium Moderately fine and even Luster Medium High Slightly lustrous Natural Growth Defects Gum/resin streaks Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to marine borers Resistant to termites Very durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Perishable Non-durable Moderately durable Resistance to attack by pinhole borers and termites is also rated as moderate Odor No specific smell or taste Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Moderately Difficult to Difficult Fairly Easy Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Slowly Dries slowly Quartersawn stock dries with little degrade. Weighting down of stacks and end-coating minimize degrade Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Rapid Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Product Sources Some species in the genus are reported to yield edible fruit, while others have an inner bark that produce tannin for curing leather and for toughening nets. Comments Variable weight Blunting Effect Little Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Moderate to saw Saws cleanly with moderate blutning of cutting edges Cuts well Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Tends to split during nailing Pre-boring recommended Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Hard, heavy, and strong Yield clean and smooth, but lusterless surfaces Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Heartwood is resistant to impregnation Sapwood permeability ranges from treatable to moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Responds well to hand tools Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Contains alkaloids giving it good acid resistance Screwing Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Yields clean surfaces Responds readily to most ordinary tools Easy to turn Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9506 13818 psi Density 40 lbs/ft3 Hardness 897 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4900 7526 psi Shearing Strength 1352 psi Static Bending 6125 8389 psi Stiffness 1529 1784 1000 psi Toughness 114 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.61 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 15 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 668 971 kg/cm2 Density 641 kg/m3 Hardness 406 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 344 529 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 95 kg/cm2 Static Bending 430 589 kg/cm2 Stiffness 107 125 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 131 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.61 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1