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Blunting Effect
Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Corrosive Properties
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Luster
Mortising
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Painting
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities

Scientific Name
Flindersia brayleyana

Trade Name
Australian butt maple

Family Name
Rutaceae

Synonyms
Flindersia chatawaiana


Wood Image 1

Common Names
Australian butt maple, Australian maple, Australian silkwood, Flindersia, Maple silkwood, Queensland maple, Red beech, Silkwood

Regions of Distribution
Africa, Oceania and S.E. Asia

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Australia, South Africa

Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Cooperages, Door, Food containers, Furniture, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Moldings, Musical instruments, Oars, Paneling, Plywood, Plywood: veneer (marine), Sporting Goods, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative

Environmental Profile
Abundant/Secure
Rare


Heartwood Color
Brown
Yellow
Green/grey
Black
White
Red
Orange
Pale red to pink
Pale brown
Red
Dark brown
Brown


Sapwood Color
White
Yellow
Brown
Red
Green/Grey
Different than heartwood
Paler than heartwood
Clearly differentiated from the heartwood


Grain
Figure
Interlocked
Wavy
Distinct (figure)
Stripe (figure)
Other (figure)
Closed
Even
Straight
Rippled (figure)

Interlocked
Wavy
Distinct figure
Striped figure
Other figure
Straight
Rippled figure


Texture
Coarse
Brown - medium value
Medium to coarse
Fine to medium


Luster
Medium
Lustrous
Pronounced


Natural Durability
Susceptible to insect attack
Non-resistant to powder post beetles
Non-durable
Perishable
Non durable
Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Moderately durable
Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree
Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log
Perishable
Durable
Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present


Light-Induced Color Change
Darker


Corrosive Properties
Non-corrosive


Kiln Schedules
UK=C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3
Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid
Uk = C


Drying Defects
Splitting
Distortion
Discoloration
Extension of Existing Shakes
Ring Shakes
Moderate twist/warp
Moderate collapse and honeycombing
Moderate cupping
No surface checking
Slight twist/warp
Slight cupping


Ease of Drying
Fairly Easy
Rapidly
Reconditioning Treatement
Little degrade
Easy
Difficult


Kiln Drying Rate
Naturally dries quickly
Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm)


Tree Identification
Bole/stem form is buttressed


Tree Size
Tree height is 10-20 m
Sapwood width is 15-20 cm
Sapwood width is 5-10 cm
Sapwood width is 10-15 cm
Tree height is 20-30 m


Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

Blunting Effect
Moderate
Blunting effect on machining is moderate


Boring
Fair to good results
Fairly easy to very easy
Very good to excellent results


Cutting Resistance
Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy


Gluing
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Fair to Good Results
Moderate gluing properties
Easy to glue


Mortising
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Fair to Good Results


Movement in Service
Excellent Stability - Small Movement
Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement


Nailing
Pre-Boring Recommended
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Easy to nail
Holds nails well


Planing
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult


Resistance to Impregnation
Permeable sapwood
Permeable heartwood
Sapwood is permeable
Heartwood is extremely resistant


Response to Hand Tools
Easy to Work
Responds Readily
Easy to machine


Sanding
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult


Screwing
Pre-boring recommended
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Easy to screw


Turning
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Easy to turn


Veneering Qualities
Veneers moderately easy
Difficult to veneer
Veneers easily
Suitable for peeling
Easy to cut
Suitable for slicing
Suitable for peeling
No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting


Steam Bending
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Very poor
Poor
Moderate


Painting
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy


Polishing
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Satisfactory results
Good results


Staining
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Very Good to Excellent Results
Finish is generally satisfactory
Finish is generally good


Varnishing
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy


Strength Properties
Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft.
Shrinkage, Tangential = large
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate
Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large
Shrinkage, Radial = small
Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Shrinkage, Tangential = small


Numerical Data
ItemGreenDryEnglish
Bending Strength717811247psi
Density34lbs/ft3
Hardness995lbs
Maximum Crushing Strength39166397psi
Shearing Strength1883psi
Stiffness130115061000 psi
Weight3326lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage4%
Tangential Shrinkage9%
ItemGreenDryMetric
Bending Strength504790kg/cm2
Density544kg/m3
Hardness451kg
Maximum Crushing Strength275449kg/cm2
Shearing Strength132kg/cm2
Stiffness911051000 kg/cm2
Weight528416kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage4%

References
Australia - Forest Products Newsletter,1947,Properties of Australian timbers - Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana,and Flindersia pimenteliana,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Newsletter,No.156

Australia Forest Products Newsletter,1956,Properties of Australian timbers: Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana,and Flindersia pimenteliana,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Newsletter No.222

Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48

Boas, I.H.,1947,The Commercial Timbers of Australia - Their Properties and Uses,Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Melbourne

Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1963,The Mechanical Properties of 174 Australian Timbers,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.25

Bootle, K.R.,1971,The Commercial Timbers of New South Wales and their use,Angus & Robertson (publishers) PTY Ltd

Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series

Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.

Clifford, N.,1953,Commercial Hardwoods - Their Characteristics Identification and,Utilization,Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd. London

Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London

Cox, H.A.,1939,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough

Dadswell, H.E., Eckersley, A.M.,1935,The Identification of the Principal Commercial Australian Timbers other,than eucalyptus,Australian C.S.I.R.O. Bulletin NO.90

Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO

Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1945,A Handbook of Empire Timbers,Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Forest Products Research

Forestry Commission of New South Wales,1987,Timbers used in New South Wales for Domestic Buildings,Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Technical Publication No.6

Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment

Francis, W.D.,1951,Australian Rain-forest Trees,Commonwealth of Australia - Forestry and Timber Bureau

Gay, F.J., Et al,1955,Standard laboratory colonies of termites for evaluating the resistance of,timber, timber preservatives and other materials to termite attack.,C.S.I.R.O., Australia Bulletin,No.277

Harrar, E.S.,1942,Some Physical Properties of Modern Cabinet Woods 3. Directional and Volume,Shrinkage,Tropical Woods,9(71, pp26-32

Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.

I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting

Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1

Kingston, R.S.T., Risdon, C.J.E.,1961,Shrinkage and Density of Australian and other South-West Pacific Woods,C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper No.13

Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory

Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press

Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London

Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd.

Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition









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