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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Strength Properties
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Turning
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Common Names
Adiakoua adrakoi, Afromonondou, Ako ire, Ako-ire, Anyan, Bandapare, Bassa-bassa, Bastard rubber tree, Bastard wild rubber, Bobo, Boboi, Bole, Bu-ay-boh, Buboi, Bunkankon, Bush rubber, Diabudimbu, Diladila, Dimbu n'dimbu, False rubber tree, Fulmunto-okai, Funtum, Gboboi, Ire, Ka-wathia, Kpoli, Kpomi, Mama, Mba miri, Mubudi, Munkenke, Munyamagozi, Munyamatunga, Musanda, Mutalabudimbu, Mutoke, Mutondo, Mutundi, Mutundo, Nkago, Nkame, Nkwame, Okae, Osese, Oseseo, Ouala, Pe, Pe-sain, Pesin, Po, Pono, Poran, Pouo, Pri, Sese, Seseo, Sooue, Tendo, Tive, Usumba, Wala, Wangolo, Watia, Wild rubber tree
Regions of Distribution
Africa
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire
Common Uses
Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Casks, Chemical derivatives, Construction, Core Stock, Drawer sides, Food containers, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Stairworks, Stringers, Trimming, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wainscotting
Environmental Profile
| Rare in parts of its natural range (population is at risk) |
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| Generally secure within most of its natural habitat, but note exceptions. |
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| Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center |
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Species is secure in its natural range in Cameroon, Congo, Ivory Coast and Kenya. Classified officially as rare in Ghana and vulnerable in Uganda. Currently listed as unknown due to inadequate information in Angola, Benin, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mozambique, Sao Tome, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Togo
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Purple |
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| Red |
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| White to cream |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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The wood is yellow-white in color, with fine stripes
Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Same as heartwood |
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| White to yellow |
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The sapwood is not indistinguishable from the heartwood.
Grain
Texture
| Coarse |
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| Fine |
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| Medium |
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| Uniform |
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Natural Durability
| Perishable |
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| Non-durable |
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| Non durable |
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| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Perishable |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites |
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| Susceptible to attack by fungi |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log |
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| Moderately durable |
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It is only rarely attacked by Lyctus.
Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Drying Defects
The timber seasons well, though logs usually require early spraying since they are easily attacked by sap-stain fungi
Ease of Drying
| Slowly |
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| Good seasoning properties |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
The wood is described as very fissile, soft, and rather brittle.
Blunting Effect
| Blunting effect on machining is slight |
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Boring
| Good (75+ pieces out of 100 will yield good to excellent results) |
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Carving
Cutting Resistance
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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| Easy to saw |
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Gluing
Mortising
| Good mortising properties |
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Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
| Easy to nail |
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| Holds nails well |
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Planing
| Easy to plane |
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| Yields smooth surfaces |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant sapwood |
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| Resistant heartwood |
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| Permeable heartwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Heartwood is permeable |
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Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to machine |
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| Good response to hand tools |
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Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Screwing
| Good screwing properties |
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| Good screw holding properties |
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Turning
Painting
Strength Properties
| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Max. crushing strength (stiffness) = very low |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 7026 | 11011 | psi |
| Density | | 28 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 319 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 2953 | 4979 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1221 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1103 | 1291 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 27 | 24 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 13 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 493 | 774 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 448 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 144 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 207 | 350 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 85 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 77 | 90 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 432 | 384 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Battiscombe, E.,1926,A Descriptive Catalogue of some of the Common Trees and Woody Plants of,Kenya Colony,Crown Agents for the Colonies London
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
Brenan, J.P.M., Greenway, P.J.,1949,Check-lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the British Empire,Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford No.5 Tanganyika Territories Part 2
Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153
Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department
Forest Products Research Laboratory, Nigeria,1965,Nigerian Timbers for Matchmaking,Nigeria Fed. Department of Forest Research, Ibadan, Forest Products,Research Laboratory Report No.5
Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. Belguim
France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France
France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,France
Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London
Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan
Kennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer Lagos
Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159
Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5
Meniaud, J., Bretonnet, F.,1926,Les Bois Coloniaux d'Afrique dans l'Industrie,Publ. de l'Agence Gen. des Colonies
Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent Belguim
Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra Leone
Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer Uganda
Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7
Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and Sons
United Kingdom - H.M.S.O.,1954,Report of the Matchwood Working Party,H.M.S.O. for the Board of Trade and Ministry of Materials
Unwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. London
Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya
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