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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Grewia elastica Trade Name Dhaman Family Name Common Names Bijol-goch, Bimla, Dhaman, Dhamma, Dieng-soh-langhri-that, Dieng-tha-ballich, Gonyer, Khengkhriwakbik, Kunsun, Laiman-phang, Man-bijal, Mikir-lata-phang, Pengtarow, Pharsanyi, Pharsawon, Pharsia, Pharson, Phuhura, Pintayo, Thai-a-dou Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] India, Malaysia, Myanmar Common Uses Beams, Billiard-cue butts, Bobbins, Building materials, Cooperages, Door, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Handles, Oars, Poles, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Shuttles, Specialty items, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Windows Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview One of about 30 species found in India. It grows in the sub-Himalayan tract from the Indus eastwards to Bengal, in Chota Nagpur, Madhya Pradesh, Assam and Burma at elevations of up to 3000 feet (900 m) above sea level. Heartwood Color Red Brown Pink Black Purple Green/grey Whitish Greenish to greyish The wood is described as grayish-white in color, often with darker streaks Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Grain Even Straight Generally straight, but not always Texture Medium Medium coarse to coarse Luster Low Somewhat lustrous Natural Durability Durable Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Moderately durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to powder post beetles The timber has moderate resistance to decay under cover. Seasoned wood is readily attacked by wood boring insects Odor Has an odor Has a taste Drying Defects Distortion Warping can be expected End splitting Checking Ease of Drying Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade Requires care Green conversion and open-stacking under cover are recommended for satisfactory results during air-seasoning Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Drying rate is slow Slow Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Bole length is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 0-10 m Comments Other Machining Properties The timber is described as heavy, strong, very tough, and very hard. The timber responds readily to ordinary tools to yield clean surfaces, and is rather easy to work Boring Fairly easy to very easy Poor to very poor results Fairly difficult to very difficult Fair to good results Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Saws without difficulty Mortising Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Planing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Responds fairly well to preservative treatment Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Sanding Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Turning Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very good Turning qualities are very good, and turned surfaces are often clean. Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10741 15327 psi Crushing Strength 1009 1607 psi Density 45 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1776 lbs Impact Strength 55 64 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5067 7811 psi Shearing Strength 2036 psi Static Bending 5958 8712 psi Stiffness 1673 2049 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 12 17 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.57 0.63 Weight 57 44 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Volumetric Shrinkage 16 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 755 1077 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 70 112 kg/cm2 Density 721 kg/m3 Hardness 805 kg Impact Strength 139 162 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 356 549 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 143 kg/cm2 Static Bending 418 612 kg/cm2 Stiffness 117 144 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.84 1.19 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.57 0.63 Weight 913 705 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % References Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1963. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume II - Linaceae to Moringaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India. Desch, H. E. 1954. Manual of Malayan Timbers - Volume II. Malayan Forest Records, No. 15. Malaya Publishing House Ltd., Singapore. Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Sekhar, A.C. and D.N. Bhatia. 1957. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods Tested at Forest Research Institute, Report VIII. Indian Forest Records, New Series, Timber Mechanics, Volume 1, Number 9. The Manager of Publications, Delhi. Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India.