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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Silica Content
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
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Synonyms
Guarea excelsa
Common Names
Alligator wood, American muskwood, Bois pistolet, Bois rouge a balles, Cabimbo, Carimbo, Cedrillo, Chahalanti, Chanalanti, Chohalante, Cramantee, Cramantree, Guano blanco, Guarea, Muskwood, Palo blanco, Tololo, Trompillo de plaza, Wild ackee
Regions of Distribution
Central America, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Belize, Columbia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Common Uses
Beams, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Millwork, Particleboard, Plywood, Shingles, Shipbuilding, Sporting Goods, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative
Environmental Profile
| Questionable |
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| Extinct |
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| Abundant/Secure |
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| Endangered |
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| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
West Indies, Mexico, Central America, and southern Brazil and Argentina.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Red |
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| Purple |
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| Pink |
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| Pale red to pink |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Pale brown |
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| Red |
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| Pinkish brown |
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| Brown |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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The sapwood is distinct from the heartwood, but is not clearly demarcated
Grain
| Figure |
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| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Wavy |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Closed |
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| Even |
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| Mottled (figure) |
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| Growth rings (figure) |
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| Weak (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Wavy |
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| Interlocked |
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| Striped figure |
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| Figure shows mottle |
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| Weak figure |
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| Clear growth rings (figure) |
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Texture
| Fine |
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| Medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Even or uniform |
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| Uniform |
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| Medium |
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| Fine |
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| Medium coarse to coarse |
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Luster
| Medium |
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| Low |
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| Lustrous |
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| Non-lustrous |
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| Dull |
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Natural Growth Defects
| Whitish deposits in vessels |
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Natural Durability
| Resistant to termites |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Durable |
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| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Resistant to marine borers |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Durable |
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| Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Resistant to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Heartwood resistant to dry-wood termites |
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| Heartwood resistant to decay |
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Odor
| Has an odor |
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| Seasoned wood has slight taste but no distinctive odor |
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| Aromatic scent when green |
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Silica Content
Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a slow speed |
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| UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 |
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| Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rather slow |
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| T6 - D2 (4/4); T3 - D1 (8/4) US |
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Drying Defects
| Splitting |
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| Slight end splitting |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Warping can be expected |
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| Slight twist/warp |
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| Slight spring/bow |
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| Slight cupping |
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| No surface checking |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Slowly |
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| Easy |
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| Dries slowly with little degrade |
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| Air dries slowly |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Slow (18-28 days for boards < 32 mm, to 52-84 days for boards >= 63 mm) |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is misshapen |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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| Bole/stem form is fluted |
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Tree Size
| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Sapwood width is 5-10 cm |
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| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Sapwood width is 0-5 cm |
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| Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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Tree size is variable and depends upon species, but it is reported to attain a height of about 130 feet (39 m), with a trunk diameter that may be up to 48 inches (120 cm,) but are more commonly 40 to 75 feet (12 to 23 m) high and 12 to 36 inches (30 to 90 cm). Buttresses, when present, are about 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6 m) high, and the tree develops a stem that is straight to irregular.
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Moderate |
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| Little |
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| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
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| High effect |
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| Blunting effect on machining is slight |
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Boring
| Fair to good results |
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| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Easy |
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| Difficult |
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The wood is difficult to bore, and has a tendency to crumble and tear.
Carving
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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| Low cutting resistance |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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Mortising
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Easy to mortise |
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Moulding
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Easy to mould |
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| Satisfactory moulding results |
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Movement in Service
The timber is dimensionally stable after seasoning, and retains its shape well in use.
Nailing
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Pre-Boring Recommended |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Easy to nail |
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Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Responds satisfactorily to all woodworking operations |
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| Planes to a satisfactory finish |
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| Easy to plane |
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| Cutting edges must be sharpened frequently |
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Material has a high blunting effect on cutters
Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Not responsive to impregnation |
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The sapwood and heartwood are very difficult to treat with preservatives and are rated as non-responsive
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Responds Readily |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Moderate working qualities |
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| Good response to hand tools |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Routing is easy |
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Sanding
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good sanding qualities |
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| Good sanding finish |
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Screwing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Pre-boring recommended |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor results |
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| Easy to turn |
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| Difficult to turn |
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Veneering Qualities
| Veneers easily |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Easy to cut |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Suitable for peeling |
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| No drying degrade. Dries flat without splitting |
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Steam Bending
| Moderate |
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| Satisfactory |
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| Good |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Good results |
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Staining
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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Varnishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Strength Properties
| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Hardness (side grain) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 8167 | 11686 | psi |
| Density | | 35 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1014 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3843 | 6093 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1510 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1171 | 1360 | 1000 psi |
| Work to Maximum Load | 9 | 10 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.47 | | |
| Weight | 35 | 35 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 11 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 574 | 821 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 560 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 459 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 270 | 428 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 106 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 82 | 95 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.63 | 0.70 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.47 | | |
| Weight | 560 | 560 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 2 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Armstrong, F.H.,1960,The Strength Properties of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, London Bulletin,No.45
Belize,1946,42 Secondary Hardwood Timbers of British Honduras,British Honduras Forest Department Bulletin,No.1
Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods - Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.
Brazier, J.D., Franklin, G.L.,1967,An Appraisal of the Wood Characteristics and Potential Uses of some,Nicaraguan Timbers,FAO for Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough
Caribbean Commission,1952,Information on properties of timbers gathered by questionnaire and,collated in the secretariat of the Caribbean Commission including some,related data from technical literature.,Caribbean Commission, Port of Spain, Trinidad Caribbean Timbers, their,Utilization and Trade within the area CTUTA/1/Doc.7 + App.1-18
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO
Flores Rodriguez, L.J.,1969,Description Caracteristicas y usos de 25 Maderas tropicales,Mexicanas,Camera Nacional de la Industria de la Construccion Serie Maderas de Mexico
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1938,The Properties of Cramtree. Guinea excelsa H.B.K. from British Honduras,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Project 22,Investigation 25 pp12
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1967,The Steam Bending Properties of various timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Leaflet,No.45
Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38
Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment
Gomez-Vazquez, B.G.,1981,Wood structure and potential end uses of some lesser known Mexican timber,species,Thesis for Msc. Univ. Wales Bangor
HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer, Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
Lavers, G. M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)
Marshall, R.C.,1934,Trees of Trinidad and Tobago,Government Printer Port of Spain Trinidad
Marshall, R.C.,1939,Silviculture of the trees of Trinidad and Tobago - British West Indies,O.U.P.,London
Pennington, T.D., Sarukhan, J.,1968,Manual para la Identificacion de campo de los Principales Arboles,Tropicales de Mexico,Inst. Nac. Inv. For. Mexico
Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30
Swabey, C.,1941,The Principal Timbers of Jamaica,Department of Science and Agriculture Jamaica Bulletin No.29
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