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Blunting Effect
Carving
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Movement in Service
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resin Content
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Size
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Common Names
Balau, Dalingdingan, Emang besi, Gagil, Giam, Gisok gisok, Hopea (light and heavy), Kaliot, Koki, Lao two, Luis, Magasusu, Mai tajien, Mai takien, Manggachapui, Merawan, Narek, Sangal, Thingan, Tjengal
Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand
Common Uses
Beams, Bent Parts, Boat building, Building construction, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concrete formwork, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Porch columns, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Turnery
Environmental Profile
| Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within its range |
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| Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center |
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Distribution Overview
This is one of about ten species in the Hopea genus which grows in the Philippines. Its growth range is the Romblon and Sibuyan Islands, and the Zamboanga Province.
Heartwood Color
| Red |
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| Purple |
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| Brown |
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| Green/grey |
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| Yellow |
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| Green streaks that darken upon exposure |
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| Darkens upon exposure |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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| Not always clearly defined |
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Grain
| Figure |
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| Even |
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| Crossed |
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| Straight |
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| Ribbon (figure) |
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Texture
| Coarse |
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| Fine to medium |
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| Even textured |
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Luster
Natural Durability
| Durable |
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| Resistant to termite attack |
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| Good weathering properties |
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Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Resin Content
Kiln Schedules
| T3 - C2 (4/4) US |
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| T3 - C1 (8/4) US |
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Drying Defects
| Slight twist/warp |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Slight end splitting |
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Ease of Drying
| Dries slowly with no degrade under controled conditions |
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Tree Size
| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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Product Sources
Timbers produced by species in the Hopea genus are reported to fall into one of two groups, and is referred to by the name of the best known species in that group. The two classes are the Yacals and the Mangachapuys. Timbers in the Yacal class are harder, heavier, stronger, darker (when fresh), more resistant to decay, and more cross-grained. Commercially, the Yacals are reported to include several species of Shorea and of Vatica which produce timbers that are almost identical. The Yacals are the most abundant of the very hard, strong, and durable high-class construction timbers of the Philippine Islands. Timber produced by H. foxworthyi falls in the Mangachapuy group.
Blunting Effect
Carving
Cutting Resistance
Gluing
Movement in Service
| Small |
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| Seasoned wood is stable |
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Planing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Easy to plane |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Yields a smooth, clean finish |
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| Easy to machine |
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Sanding
Polishing
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 11646 | 18051 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 1051 | 1512 | psi |
| Density | | 47 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1430 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 5421 | 9040 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1658 | psi |
| Static Bending | 7318 | 11047 | psi |
| Stiffness | 2000 | 2419 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 417 | inch-lbs |
| Specific Gravity | 0.6 | | |
| Weight | 46 | 38. | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 9 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 818 | 1269 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 73 | 106 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 753 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 648 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 381 | 635 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 116 | kg/cm2 |
| Static Bending | 514 | 776 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 140 | 170 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 480 | cm-kg |
| Specific Gravity | 0.6 | | |
| Weight | 737 | 608. | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
References
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Eddowes, P. J. 1961. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea:Their Properties and Uses. Office of Forests, Papua New Guinea
Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H
Schneider, E.E. 1916. Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bulletin No. 14. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, Philippines.
WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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