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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Movement in Service Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resin Content Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Texture Trade Name Tree Size Scientific Name Hopea foxworthyi Trade Name Thingan Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Common Names Balau, Dalingdingan, Emang besi, Gagil, Giam, Gisok gisok, Hopea (light and heavy), Kaliot, Koki, Lao two, Luis, Magasusu, Mai tajien, Mai takien, Manggachapui, Merawan, Narek, Sangal, Thingan, Tjengal Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand Common Uses Beams, Bent Parts, Boat building, Building construction, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concrete formwork, Construction, Crossties, Decks, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Framing, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Porch columns, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Turnery Environmental Profile Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within its range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview This is one of about ten species in the Hopea genus which grows in the Philippines. Its growth range is the Romblon and Sibuyan Islands, and the Zamboanga Province. Heartwood Color Red Purple Brown Green/grey Yellow Green streaks that darken upon exposure Darkens upon exposure Sapwood Color White Yellow Paler than heartwood Not always clearly defined Grain Figure Even Crossed Straight Ribbon (figure) Texture Coarse Fine to medium Even textured Luster Low Dull Natural Durability Durable Resistant to termite attack Good weathering properties Odor No specific smell or taste Resin Content Contains resin Kiln Schedules T3 - C2 (4/4) US T3 - C1 (8/4) US Drying Defects Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Ease of Drying Dries slowly with no degrade under controled conditions Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 20-30 m Product Sources Timbers produced by species in the Hopea genus are reported to fall into one of two groups, and is referred to by the name of the best known species in that group. The two classes are the Yacals and the Mangachapuys. Timbers in the Yacal class are harder, heavier, stronger, darker (when fresh), more resistant to decay, and more cross-grained. Commercially, the Yacals are reported to include several species of Shorea and of Vatica which produce timbers that are almost identical. The Yacals are the most abundant of the very hard, strong, and durable high-class construction timbers of the Philippine Islands. Timber produced by H. foxworthyi falls in the Mangachapuy group. Blunting Effect Slight Carving Good results Cutting Resistance Difficult to saw Gluing Difficult to glue Movement in Service Small Seasoned wood is stable Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Resistance to Impregnation Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Yields a smooth, clean finish Easy to machine Sanding Good sanding finish Polishing Good results Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 11646 18051 psi Crushing Strength 1051 1512 psi Density 47 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1430 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 5421 9040 psi Shearing Strength 1658 psi Static Bending 7318 11047 psi Stiffness 2000 2419 1000 psi Toughness 417 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.6 Weight 46 38. lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 818 1269 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 73 106 kg/cm2 Density 753 kg/m3 Hardness 648 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 381 635 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 116 kg/cm2 Static Bending 514 776 kg/cm2 Stiffness 140 170 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 480 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.6 Weight 737 608. kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Eddowes, P. J. 1961. Commercial Timbers of Papua New Guinea:Their Properties and Uses. Office of Forests, Papua New Guinea Lauricio, F. M., Bellosillo, S. B., The Mechanical and Related Properties of Philippine Woods, The Philippine Lumber Journal, 12(5):A-H Schneider, E.E. 1916. Commercial Woods of the Philippines: Their Preparation and Uses. Bulletin No. 14. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Forestry, Manila, Philippines. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.