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Blunting Effect
Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resin Content
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
| |
Synonyms
Hymenaea resinifera
Common Names
Abati, Abati copal do Brasil, Abati timbary, Alga, Algarobo, Algarrobo, Animebaum, Arati, Arvore copal, Asucar-juain, Avati, Azucar huayo, Bati timbary, Bois de courabaril, Bois de courabil, Bois de courbaril, Bois de simire, Brazilian gum-copal tree, Cacachien, Cachien, Caguairan, Cannariboom, Caouroubali, Caroubier, Caroubier de la Guyane, Cataqui-iamani, Chimidida, Cimiri, Ciruelo, Coapinol, Coapinoloe, Colorado, Comer de arara, Copal, Copalier, Copalier d'Amerique, Copalier de Amerique, Copinol, Copinole, Corobore, Coubaril de savane, Courabil, Courabil hout, Courbaril, Courbaril de savane, Courbaril montagne, Courbaril plum, Courbarilhout, Cuapinol, Cuapinole, Cuapinoli, Cupainol, Curbaril, Diphylle pois confiture, Diphylle pois de confiture, Gaupinol, Gom anime boom, Gomme armimec, Guapinol, Guapinole, Gum-anime tree, Henschreckenbaum, Henschrenkenbaum, Iibiuva, Itaiba, Jassai, Jataby, Jatahy, Jatahy cafe, Jatahy peba, Jatahy roxa, Jatahy roxo, Jatai, Jatai monde, Jatai uba, Jatai-acu, Jataiba, Jataizinho, Jatany, Jatauba, Jatay, Jatei, Jatel, Jatoba, Jatoba de anta, Jatoba de porco, Jatoba roxa, Jatoba trapuca, Jatoba verdadeiro, Jatobs, Jatuba, Jengi kanda, Jetahy, Jetahy accu, Jetahy preta, Jetahy roxo, Jetai, Jetai de Pernambuco, Jetaiba, Jetaici, Jetay, Jetoba roxo, Jetui peba, Julchihout, Jupati, Jut, Jutaahy assu, Jutahy, Jutahy assu, Jutahy cafe, Jutahy catina, Jutahy catinga, Jutahy da varzea, Jutahy do campo, Jutahy do igapo, Jutahy miry, Jutahy peba, Jutahy pororoca, Jutahy roxo, Jutai, Jutai branco, Jutai cafe, Jutai catinga, Jutai da varzea, Jutai do campo, Jutai do igapo, Jutai grande, Jutai mirim, Jutai peba, Jutai pororoca, Jutai roxo, Jutai-acu, Jutany, Jutany de campo, Jutay branco, K'wannarri, Kakanjan boesoe, Karvanari, Kawaknalli, Kawanari, Kwanari, Leather-leaved locust, Leathery-leaved locust, Legno locusta, Locus, Locus semirie, Locusboom, Locust, Locust gum, Locustrier, Lokisi kaka, Lokisie, Loksi, Lokus, Lokustbaum, Marbre, Masaicaran, Moire, Nazareno, Nere, Not, Oleo de jatai, Oleo jatahy, Pacuy, Pak, Pakay, Palito, Palito colorado, Pampa estoraque, Pie de venado, Pois confiture, Quapinole, Quapinole jutahy, Quauhpinolli, Quebra machado, Rode locus, Rode rode locus, Semirie, Simiri, Simiri locust, Simirie, Sirari, South American locust, Spruikhaanboom, Stinking toe, Stinking-toe, Surinaamsch teakhout, Surixkra, Tema, Trapuca, Tsi-tsi-nau, Urapinol, West Indian locust, Westindisch teakhout, Westindsch teakhout, Yatayba, Yutachi, Yutahi, Yutahy, Yutayba yutahy
Regions of Distribution
Central America, Latin America, Oceania and S.E. Asia
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guadelope [France], Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico [US], Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Bent Parts, Boat building, Broom handles, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Crossties, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Handles, Hatracks, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Living-room suites, Office furniture, Parquet flooring, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Shafts/Handles, Shipbuilding, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tables , Tool handles, Turnery, Utility furniture
Environmental Profile
| Widespread |
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| Vulnerable with the possibility of extinction in the future |
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| Rather rare in parts of its range expecially at periphery |
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| Globally secure |
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| Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center |
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| Data source is Nature Conservancy |
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| Abundant |
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Distribution Overview
Southern Mexico, throughout Central America and the West Indies to northern Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. The tree's best development is on ridges or slopes and high riverbanks. Throughout West Indies from Cuba and Jamaica to Trinidad and Tobago. Also from central Mexico to Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and French Guiana. Rarely planted in southern Florida. Ranging from Tropical Dry to Wet through Subtropical Dry to Wet Forest Life Zones.
Heartwood Color
| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Brown |
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| Dark brown |
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| Red |
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| Pale brown |
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| Dark brown |
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| Red-salmon |
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| Purple |
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| Darkens upon exposure |
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| Contains dark streaks |
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| Brown-orange |
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| Black |
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Sapwood Color
| White to yellow |
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| Well defined |
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| Pinkish |
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| Different than heartwood |
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| Whitish |
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Grain
| Interlocked |
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| Straight |
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| Figure |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Growth rings (figure) |
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| Even |
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| Distinct (figure) |
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| Other (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Striped figure |
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| Clear growth rings (figure) |
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| Distinct figure |
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| Other figure |
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| Generally interlocked |
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Texture
| Fine |
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| Medium |
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| Medium to coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Fine to medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Fine |
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Luster
| Medium |
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| Lustrous |
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| Dull |
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| Dull to fairly lustrous |
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Natural Durability
| Perishable |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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| Durable |
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| Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Very durable |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Non durable |
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| Moderate heartwood resistance to marine borers |
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| Heartwood natural resistance to decay is moderate |
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| Heartwood is highly resistant to termite attack |
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Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Resin Content
The bark contains an orange or yellowish resin called South American copal, which is used in the manufacture of special types of varnishes and cements.
Light-Induced Color Change
Toxicity
Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a moderate speed |
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| Drying (speed) is fast |
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| Dry at a slow speed |
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| UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 |
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| UK= C US=T3C2/T3C1 Fr=3 |
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| T3 - C2 (4/4) US |
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| T3 - C1 (8/4) US |
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| Schedule C (4/4) United Kingdom |
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| Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid |
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Drying Defects
| Slight surface checking |
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| Slight twist/warp |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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| Moderate spring/bow |
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| Severe spring/bow |
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| Moderate surface checking |
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| Slight end splitting |
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| Severe twisting/warping |
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| Moderate cupping |
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| Slight spring/bow |
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| Slight cupping |
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| No twisting or warping |
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| No surface checking |
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| No end splitting |
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| No cupping, generally |
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Ease of Drying
| Difficult |
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| Moderate |
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| Easy |
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| Dries rapidly |
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| Difficult to air dry |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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Tree Size
Product Sources
The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber for export.
Supplies of Courbaril are rather limited on the US market, but the material may be available on the European market.
Comments
Cells may contain dark gum-like deposits
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Generally strong and durable
It is similar to the African species, Tchitola (Oxystigma oxyphyllum), Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia ), and is superior to White oak (Quercus alba ). Fossilized gum from the bark of the species usually appears in excavations which might suggest the presence of Courbaril at such sights in the past
Blunting Effect
| Medium effect |
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| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
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| Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe |
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Boring
Cutting Resistance
| Difficult to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult |
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Gluing
| Easy to glue |
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| Moderate gluing properties |
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Mortising
| Finishes well |
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| Easy to mortise |
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| Difficult to mortise |
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Moulding
| Good finishing results |
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| Easy to mould |
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| Difficult to mould |
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Movement in Service
| Medium |
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| Seasoned wood is stable |
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The timber is stable after seasoning to the proper moisture content, and undergoes minimal dimensional changes in response to fluctuations in atmospheric conditions
Nailing
| Difficult to nail |
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| Easy to nail |
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| Nails hold poorly |
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| Holds nails well |
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Planing
| Difficult to plane |
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| Planes to a poor finish |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Ease of planing is moderate |
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| Tension & interlocked grain may cause woolly surfaces |
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| Reduction of cutting angle prevents tearing in areas of irregular grain |
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| Planes to a satisfactory finish |
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| Carbibe tipped tools recommended |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Heartwood is resistant |
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Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Moderate working qualities |
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| Poor response |
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| Easy to machine |
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Sanding
| Good sanding finish |
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| Easy to sand |
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| Good sanding qualities |
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Screwing
| Screwing yields satisfactory results |
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| Possible if prebored |
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| Holds screws well |
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Turning
| Good results |
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| Easy to turn |
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| Difficult to turn |
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Veneering Qualities
| There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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| Easy to cut |
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Steam Bending
Painting
Polishing
| Poor results |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Good results |
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Staining
Varnishing
Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high |
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