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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Certified Source
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
Product Sources
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
Angelim, Angelim do Para, Angelim dos amarelos, Angelim pedra, Caramate, Ere joeroe, Erejoeroe, Lialiadon koleroe, Lialiandan koleroe, Para angelim, Para-angelim, Saandoe, Sapupira amarell, Sapupira amarella, St. Martin jaune
Regions of Distribution
Latin America
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname
Common Uses
Boat building: decking, Boat building: planking, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Crossties, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Factory flooring, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, General carpentry, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Ladders, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Millwork, Mine timbers, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Picture frames, Piling, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Railroad ties, Rustic furniture, Stools, Sub-flooring, Tables , Turnery, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative, Wardrobes
Environmental Profile
| Vulnerable |
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| Status has not been officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
Upland forests of the central and eastern parts of the Brazilian Amazon region and extending northward into the Guianas and southward to Rio de Janeiro.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| Orange |
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| Red |
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| Purple |
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| Black |
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| Pale brown |
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| Brown |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Darkens upon exposure |
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| Brown-orange |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Brown |
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| Red |
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| Green/Grey |
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| White to yellow |
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| Color not distinct from heartwood |
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Grain
| Figure |
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| Interlocked |
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| Straight |
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| Distinct (figure) |
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| Even |
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| Rippled (figure) |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Distinct figure |
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| Striped figure |
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| Straight to interlocked |
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| Rippled figure |
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The wood exhibits a figure similar to that of Partridge wood. The figure is usually produced by alternating zones of dark and light wood tissue.
Texture
| Coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Resinous and oily |
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| Medium coarse to coarse |
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| Uneven |
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| Coarse |
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Luster
Natural Growth Defects
Natural Durability
| Very durable |
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| Durable |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Resistant to termites |
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| Resistant to marine borers |
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| Resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Very durable |
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| Moderately resistant to marine borer attack |
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| Durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Resistant to attack from marine borers |
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| Heartwood resistant to decay |
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Odor
| Has an odor |
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| Has a taste |
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| No specific smell or taste |
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Light-Induced Color Change
Toxicity
| Some toxic effects |
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| Dermatitic effects |
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Kiln Schedules
| Drying (speed) is fast |
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| Dry at a moderate speed |
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Drying Defects
| Splitting |
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| Checking |
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| Distortion |
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| Slight surface checking |
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| Slight twist/warp |
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| Slight end splitting |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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| Slight spring/bow |
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| No twisting or warping |
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| No surface checking |
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| No end splitting |
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| No cupping, generally |
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| Moderate spring/bow |
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| Generally free from spring and bow |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Slowly |
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| End-Coating |
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| Reconditioning Treatement |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Moderate |
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| Difficult |
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| Dries rapidly |
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| Difficult to air dry |
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Kiln Drying Rate
| Naturally dries slowly |
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| Rapid |
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| Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast |
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| Naturally dries at a moderate speed |
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Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is cylindrical |
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| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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Tree Size
| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Sapwood width is 5-10 cm |
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| Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Sapwood width is 0-5 cm |
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| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Bark width is 5-10 mm |
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| Bole length is 30-40 m |
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| Tree height is 50-60 m |
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| Bark width is 10-15 mm |
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| Sapwood width is 10-15 cm |
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Product Sources
The ITTO reports that the species is a very important source of timber. It is exported frequently. The wood is imported from Brazil into Spain, Italy, and Japan.
Certified Source
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Moderate |
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| High to severe |
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| Slight |
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Boring
| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Fair to good results |
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| Fairly difficult to very difficult |
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| Easy |
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Carving
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good results |
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Cutting Resistance
| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw |
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| Gum-Up |
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| Moderate to saw |
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| Easy to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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Gluing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Surface Preparation |
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| Easy to glue |
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Mortising
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Easy to mortise |
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Moulding
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Good finishing results |
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Movement in Service
| Excellent Stability - Small Movement |
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| Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement |
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Nailing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Pre-Boring Recommended |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Satisfactory nailing properties |
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| Easy to nail |
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Planing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Easy to plane |
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| Difficult to plane |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Permeable |
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| Moderately permeable |
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| Heartwood is permeable |
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| Heartwood is extremely resistant |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Responds Readily |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Excellent response |
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| Difficult to machine |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Good in both routing and recessing. |
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Sanding
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Good sanding qualities |
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Screwing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory screwing properties |
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| Easy to screw |
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Turning
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Good results |
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| Easy to turn |
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Veneering Qualities
| Suitable for peeling |
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| Difficult to veneer |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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Steam Bending
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Moderate |
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| Poor |
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Painting
Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Surface Preparation |
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| Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult |
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| Good results |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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Varnishing
Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Hardness (side grain) = hard |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Work to Maximum Load = very low |
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| Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = medium |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 13400 | 18255 | psi |
| Crushing Strength | 1323 | 1656 | psi |
| Density | | 48 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 1958 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 6783 | 9016 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 2061 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1874 | 2064 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 199 | inch-lbs |
| Work to Maximum Load | 9 | 12 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.59 | | |
| Weight | 47 | 38 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 10 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 942 | 1283 | kg/cm2 |
| Crushing Strength | 93 | 116 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 769 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 888 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 476 | 633 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 144 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 131 | 145 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 229 | cm-kg |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.63 | 0.84 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | 0.59 | | |
| Weight | 753 | 608 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 4 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Ducke, A.,1943,The Most Important Woods of the Amazon Valley,Tropical Woods,12(74,pp1-15
Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood B. Wood Species from S. American Tropical,Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department
Lamb, A.F.A., Wangaard, F.F.,1950,The Gluing Properties of certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report,4
Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4
Teixeira, D. E., M. A. E. Santana and M. Rabelo de Souza. 1988. Amazonian Timbers for the International Market. ITTO Technical Series 1. Brazilian Institute for Forestry Development, Brazil.
Wangaard, F.F., Chudnoff, M.,1950,The Steam Bending Properties of Certain Tropical American Woods,Yale Univ. School of Forestry Technical Report No. 6
Wangaard, F.F., et al,1954,Properties and Uses of Tropical Woods 4,Tropical Woods,14(99, pp1-187
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