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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Scientific Name Intsia retusa Trade Name Ipil Family Name Caesalpiniaceae Common Names Ipil, Ipil-laut, Makhar Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Philippines Common Uses Heavy construction, Light construction Heartwood Color Brown Red Pink Green/grey Sapwood Color White Brown Yellow Grain Figure Interlocked Distinct (figure) Interlocked Distinct figure Texture Coarse Medium Luster Lustrous Natural Durability Perishable Moderately durable Non-durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Drying Defects Checking Slight surface checking Slight cupping Ease of Drying Slowly Rapidly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Naturally dries slowly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Blunting Effect Moderate Boring Fairly easy to very easy Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Small Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to Work Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9310 14566 psi Hardness 995 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 2205 psi Stiffness 1017 1199 1000 psi Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 654 1024 kg/cm2 Hardness 451 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 155 kg/cm2 References Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6 Oey Djoen Seng,1964,Specific gravity of Indonesian woods and its significance for practical,use,Communication No.1. Lembaga Penelitian Hasil Hutan, Bogor, Indonesia Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.