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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Certified Source
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Toxicity
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
| |
Synonyms
Albizia brownei, Inga zygia
Common Names
Albizia, Angoyen, Ayinreta, Bakbwe, Bortoyi, Bulala, Ehores, Jaranyo, Jarehi, Kababa, Kakpara, Kapun, Koli, Kouket, Kpule, Kulo, Kumbamba, Mduruasi, Mtanga, Mugavu, Munzania, Nongo, Ohuru, Okuro, Okuru, Oshanga, Ouochi, Pampena, Red nongo, Sakachi, Tshijimbu, Tshikumankassa, Tshikumbamkumba, Tshimbambabamba, Tumbum, Uwowe, West African albizzia, Wochi
Regions of Distribution
Africa
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Benin, Central African Republic, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Beams, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Factory construction, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Harbor work, Hardboards, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Joists, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Marine construction, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Particleboard, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Sporting Goods, Structural work, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer: decorative
Environmental Profile
| Abundant/Secure |
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| Status unknown in many of its growth areas |
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| Generally secure within its natural habitat |
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| Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center |
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| Abundant |
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Distribution Overview
Various species in the Albizia genus occur throughout Africa. Trees growing in high forests are the main source of timber production, but the species is also common in secondary forests.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Yellow |
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| Red |
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| Orange |
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| Purple |
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| Black |
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| Pink |
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| White |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Brown |
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| Red |
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| Pale brown |
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| Dark brown |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Pinkish white |
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| Pale red to pink |
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| Light red |
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| Light buff to yellowish brown |
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Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Yellow |
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| Green/Grey |
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| White to yellow |
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| Clearly differentiated from the heartwood |
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| Straw colored to grayish-white |
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| Different than heartwood |
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Grain
| Straight |
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| Interlocked |
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| Figure |
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| Even |
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| Irregular |
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| Stripe (figure) |
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| Generally straight, but not always |
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| Interlocked |
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| Striped figure |
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| Irregular |
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Striped figure on quartersawn surfaces.
Texture
| Medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Fine |
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| Coarse |
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| Medium |
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| Fine |
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| Fair to medium coarse |
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Natural Growth Defects
Natural Durability
| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Non-resistant to termites |
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| Durable |
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| Non-durable |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Perishable |
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| Very durable |
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| Resistant to termites |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Non durable |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Moderately durable |
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| Durable |
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| Very durable |
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| Susceptible to attack by fungi and termites |
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| Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Toxicity
| Some toxic effects |
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| Unspecified toxicity |
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| Sawdust can cause nose irritation in some individuals |
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Kiln Schedules
| Dry at a slow speed |
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| UK=E US=T6D2/T3D Fr=5 |
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| T6 - D4 (4/4); T3 - D3 (8/4) US |
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| Schedule F (4/4) United Kingdom |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Slowly |
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| Reconditioning Treatement |
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| Easy |
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| Dries slowly |
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Kiln Drying Rate
Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is straight |
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Tree Size
| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Bole length is 10-20 m |
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| Bole length is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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Certified Source
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Moderate |
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| Little |
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| There is some significant blunting effect on cutting tools |
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| Blunting effect on machining is slight |
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Boring
| Fair to good results |
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| Fairly easy to very easy |
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| Good (75+ pieces out of 100 will yield good to excellent results) |
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| Fair results |
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Carving
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair results |
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Cutting Resistance
| Easy to saw |
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| Moderate to saw |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is moderate |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate |
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Gluing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Easy to glue |
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| Glues well |
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A good jointing timber.
Mortising
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Finishes well |
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Moulding
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good moulding properties |
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Movement in Service
| Excellent Stability - Small Movement |
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| Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement |
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| Stable |
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| Small |
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Nailing
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Pre-Boring Recommended |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Poor to Very Poor Results |
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| Easy to nail |
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| Tends to split during nailing |
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| Pre-boring recommended |
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Planing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Works well with hand tools |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Planes well, to a good finish |
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Cutting angle of 15 degrees is recommended to prevent torn grain on quarter-sawn surfaces.
Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Permeable sapwood |
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| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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| Heartwood is resistant |
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| Sapwood is treatable |
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| Sapwood is permeable |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Responds Readily |
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| Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Responds well to hand tools |
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| Moderate working qualities |
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Routing & Recessing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good in both routing and recessing. |
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Sanding
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory sanding results |
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| Good sanding finish |
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| Easy to sand |
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Screwing
| Pre-boring recommended |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Recommend pre-boring |
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| Easy to screw |
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Turning
| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Easy to turn |
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Steam Bending
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Moderate |
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Polishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Good results |
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Staining
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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| Stains well |
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Varnishing
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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| Good results |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Max. crushing strength = high |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = moderate |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 8060 | 12478 | psi |
| Density | | 38 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 825 | lbs |
| Impact Strength | | 49 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 4333 | 7156 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1646 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1310 | 1523 | 1000 psi |
| Specific Gravity | | 0.52 | |
| Weight | 39 | 28 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 8 | | % |
| | | |
| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
| | | |
| Bending Strength | 566 | 877 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 608 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 374 | kg |
| Impact Strength | | 124 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 304 | 503 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 115 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 92 | 107 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Specific Gravity | | 0.52 | |
| Weight | 624 | 448 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison.
Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153
Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department
France - C.T.F.T./C.T.B.,1982,Guide pour le Choix des Essences Deroulables-pour la fabrication du,contreplaque,C.T.F.T./C.T.B. France
Ghana - Timber Marketing Board,1969,Ghana Hardwoods,Timber Marketing Board
Gotz, E.,1983,Timber trees of the Gambia,Stiftung Walderhaltung in Afrika and Bundesforschungsanstalt fur Forst-,und Holzwirtschaft
HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data
Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London
Jay, B.A.,1968,Timbers of West Africa,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Keay, R.W.J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Kinloch, D., Miller, W.A.,1949,Gold Coast Timbers,Govt. Printer Gold Coast
Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159
Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc., Fresno, California.
Sallenave, P.,1964,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Premier Supplement,C.T.F.T. Publ.,no.23
Spalt, H.A., Stern, W.L.,1956,Survey of African woods 1,Tropical Woods,115(105,pp 13-38
Tack, C.H.,1953,A note on the mechanical properties of Chrysophyllum albidum and Albizzia,zygia from Uganda,Uganda Forestry Department Technical Note,No1/53
Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer Uganda
Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7
Uganda Forest Department,1954,Albizzia,Uganda Forestry Department Timber Leaflet,No.18
Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1
WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.
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