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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Certified Source Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Licania mollis Trade Name Counter Family Name Chrysobalanaceae Common Names Counter, Kauta, Kautaballi Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Guyana Common Uses Charcoal, Fuelwood, Mine timbers, Railroad ties, Shingles Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Rare Distribution Overview Licania species are widely distributed in tropical America but most abundant in the Guianas and the lower Amazon region of Brazil. Frequent in the overflow woodlands of the Amazon estuary but also in upland forests. Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Orange Green/grey Red White Purple Pink Black Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Dark brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Different than heartwood Clearly differentiated from the heartwood Grain Straight Even Straight Texture Fine Medium Even or uniform Uniform Fine Luster Medium Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Sapwood non-resistant to furniture beetles Resistant to powder post beetles Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from marine borers Non durable Moderately durable Silica Content Severe Drying Defects Internal Honeycombing Possible Discoloration Distortion Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Moderately Difficult to Difficult Moderate Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Naturally dries quickly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 60-70 m Tree height is 50-60 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 250-300 cm Bark width is 0-5 mm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Trunk diameter is 200-250 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Certified Source Certified Source Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Mortising Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Poor to Very Poor Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Permeable sapwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Difficult to machine Sanding Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Screwing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy No drying degrade Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Polishing Fair to Good Results Poor to Very Poor Results Very Good to Excellent Results Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = > 75 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Density 59 lbs/ft3 Weight 58 57 lbs/ft3 Item Green Dry Metric Density 945 kg/m3 References Amos, G.L.,1951,Some siliceous timbers of British Guiana,Caribbean Forester (3; 4) 133-7, 139-40. Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 2 South America,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Fanshawe, D.B.,1954,Forest Products of British Guiana Part 1 Principal Timbers,Forest Department British Guiana Forestry Bulletin (New Series 2nd,Edition,No.1 Longwood, F.R.,1962,Commercial Timbers of the Caribbean,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.207 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press