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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Lophopetalum javanicum Trade Name Perupok Family Name Celastraceae Common Names Adau, Balpale, Banate, Dual, Mata ulat, Perupok, Sang trang, Seng sa, Song sa, Taung-yemare Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Balusters, Bent Parts, Blockboard, Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Construction, Cutting surfaces, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Hardboards, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Pulpwood, Turnery Environmental Profile Generally secure within its natural habitat Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center The environmental status of this species in the Philippines has been officially classified as either Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, and Rare. The actual category is uncertain due to insufficient information Distribution Overview Species in the Lophopetalum genus are found in the Indo-Malayan region, North Borneo, and Indonesia. Heartwood Color Brown Red Pink Green/grey The heartwood is straw or pinkish when green, or light yellow, light pinkish- or brownish-gray or brown with a purple cast and is mottled with light brown on tangential surfaces. Green wood changes color from straw or pinkish to light yellow or light brown after seasoning Sapwood Color Red Brown The wide sapwood is not very distinct from the heartwood, and is pale colored when freshly sawn Grain Even Straight Interlocked Straight to shallowly interlocked The pattern of the grain produces a feathery pattern on tangential surfaces Texture Medium Fine Coarse Fine to medium Even textured Luster Medium High Medium Natural Durability Perishable Non-durable The heartwood is susceptible to attack by decay-causing fungi and marine borers Odor No distinct taste Freshly-Cut wood temporarily smells like carnations Drying Defects The wood may check and warp slightly during drying. The sapwood may also stain Ease of Drying Slowly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm The trees are reported to develop straight and cylindrical boles that often have a merchantable length of about 40 feet (12 m) and a trunk diameter of 24 to 30 inches (60 to 76 cm) Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring End-Grain material may crumble in boring, but the timber is generally easy to work Carving Good results Cutting Resistance Easy to saw The wood has very little cutting resistance Mortising Good mortising properties End-grain material may crumble. Moulding Good moulding properties Planing Lophopetalum timbers are generally easy to work, and plane to yield moderately lustrous surface Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood response to preservative treatment is fair to poor Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Respond well to ordinary tools in carving, with moderate blunting effect on cutting edges There may be some crumbling in end-grain material Routing & Recessing The timber responds generally well to routing operations, except end-grain material Turning The timbers work rather easily in most operations, but there may be some crumbling when working end-grain material Painting Fair to Good Results Polishing Excellent results Staining Fair to Good Results Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties The species has medium bending strength in the air-dry condition (about 12 percent moisture content). It is closer in strength to Mahogany than either Teak or White oak, which have higher bending strength. It is weak in compression parallel to grain (maximum crushing strength), and is inferior to Mahogany. The weight is medium. The wood is high in density Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 5615 8673 psi Density 34 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 2842 5292 psi Shearing Strength 1378 psi Stiffness 1049 1142 1000 psi Toughness 170 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.42 Weight 33 27. lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 394 609 kg/cm2 Density 544 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 199 372 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 96 kg/cm2 Stiffness 73 80 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 195 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.42 Weight 528 432. kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.