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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Natural Growth Defects
Numerical Data
Painting
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Resistance to Splitting
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Screwing
Silica Content
Staining
Strength Properties
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
Weathering

Scientific Name
Mangifera indicata

Trade Name
Am

Family Name
Anacardiaceae

Wood Image 1

Common Names
Am, Ama, Amba, Amba-nujhada, Ambe, Ambi, Ambo, Amiya, Amri, Asam, Bocho, Figured asam, Ghari am, Jegachu, Krerk, Kruk, Lamung, Ma-monton, Maa, Machang, Mak-mong, Mamadi, Mangga, Mango, Manguier, Marka, Marka marra, Mavena, Mavina-mara, Mavu, Sagyaw, Shagyaw, Takau, Thaiguja-baphang, Thayet, Thekachu, Ul, Uli, Umung

Regions of Distribution
Oceania and S.E. Asia

Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP]
Burma, Guadelope [France], India, Malaysia, Nepal, Puerto Rico [US], Thailand

Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Brush backs & handles, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Cooperages, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Matches, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: percussion, Oars, Paneling, Plywood, Poles, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative

Distribution Overview
Throughout tropical Asia, most species found in Malaya. M. indica produces the mango fruit of commerce and has been introduced throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the world.

Heartwood Color
Brown
Red
Pink
Purple
Green/grey
Brown
Yellow to golden-yellow to orange
Reddish brown
Pale brown
Greenish-Beige
Dark brown


Sapwood Color
White
Yellow
Red
Pink
White to yellow
Same as heartwood
Different than heartwood


Grain
Straight
Interlocked
Wavy
Figure
Closed
Even
Distinct (figure)
Growth rings (figure)
Very fine
Rays (figure)
Variable (figure)

Straight
Interlocked
Wavy
Variable figure
Rays figure
Figure occurrence is very fine and distinct
Distinct figure
Clear growth rings (figure)


Texture
Fine
Medium
Coarse
Even or uniform
Medium coarse to coarse
Medium
Coarse
Fine to medium


Luster
Medium
High
Lustrous


Natural Growth Defects
Brittleheart is often frequent and extensive


Natural Durability
Durable
Resistant to termites
Susceptible to insect attack
Resistant to powder post beetles
Resistant to marine borers
Non-resistant to powder post beetles
Very durable
Non-resistant to termites
Non durable
Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera)
Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack
Susceptible to marine borer attack
Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles
Moderately durable
Perishable
Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present
Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack
Durable


Weathering
Excellent


Silica Content
High
Siliceous


Kiln Schedules
Drying (speed) is fast
Dry at a moderate speed


Drying Defects
Distortion
Checking
Splitting
Slight twist/warp
No surface checking
No end splitting


Ease of Drying
Moderately Difficult to Difficult
Medium to High Shrinkage
Thick Stock Requires Care
End-Coating
Slowly
Easy


Kiln Drying Rate
Naturally dries slowly
Naturally dries at a moderate speed
Rapid
Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast


Tree Identification
Bole/stem form is straight


Tree Size
Tree height is 20-30 m
Tree height is 10-20 m
Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm
Tree height is 30-40 m
Bole length is 0-10 m
Sapwood width is 0-5 cm
Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm
Bark width is greather than 50 mm


Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good

General finishing qualities are rated as satisfactory

Blunting Effect
High to severe


Boring
Fair to good results
Fairly easy to very easy
Easy


Carving
Fair to Good Results


Cutting Resistance
Easy to saw
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw
Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy


Gluing
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Fair to Good Results
Easy to glue


Mortising
Poor to Very Poor Results
Finishes well


Moulding
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy


Movement in Service
Unstable with Poor Stability - Large Movement


Nailing
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Holds nails well


Planing
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Fair to Good Results
Planes well, to a good finish
Planes to a satisfactory finish


Resistance to Impregnation
Resistant heartwood
Resistant sapwood
Heartwood is permeable


Resistance to Splitting
Good


Response to Hand Tools
Easy to Work
Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work
Responds Readily
Easy to machine
Variable qualities
Difficult to machine


Routing & Recessing
Fair to Good Results


Sanding
Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult
Poor results


Screwing
Screwing yields good results


Turning
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Finish is generally satisfactory


Veneering Qualities
Veneers moderately easy
Difficult to veneer
Veneers easily
Easy to cut
Suitable for peeling


Painting
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results


Polishing
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy
Very Good to Excellent Results
Satisfactory results
Good results


Staining
Staining (Characteristic) = coloured water-soluble extract
Finish is generally good


Varnishing
Very Good to Excellent Results
Fair to Good Results
Fairly Easy to Very Easy


Strength Properties
Shrinkage, Tangential = very small
Shrinkage, Radial = very small
Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft.
Max. crushing strength = medium
Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low
Bending strength (MOR) = low
Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low
Max. crushing strength = low
Bending strength (MOR) = medium
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low
Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low
Hardness (side grain) = soft
Shrinkage, Tangential = small
Hardness (side grain) = medium
Shrinkage, Radial = moderate
Bending strength (MOR) = very low


Numerical Data
ItemGreenDryEnglish
Bending Strength714411165psi
Density40lbs/ft3
Hardness1260lbs
Impact Strength28inches
Maximum Crushing Strength31765364psi
Shearing Strength882psi
Stiffness118813831000 psi
Weight3931lbs/ft3
Radial Shrinkage2%
Tangential Shrinkage4%
ItemGreenDryMetric
Bending Strength502784kg/cm2
Density641kg/m3
Hardness571kg
Impact Strength71cm
Maximum Crushing Strength223377kg/cm2
Shearing Strength62kg/cm2
Stiffness83971000 kg/cm2
Weight624496kg/m3
Radial Shrinkage2%

References
Anon,1963,Indian Woods: Their Identification, Properties and uses. Vol.II Linaceae,to Moringaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India

Burgess, P.F.,1966,Timbers of Sabah,Sabah Forest Record, no.6

Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15

E.H. Walker,1954,Important Trees of the Ryukyu Islands,United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Special Bulletin,No. 3

Hearne, D.A.,1975,Trees for Darwin and Northern Australia,Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra

Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed.

Jain, N.C., Et al,1974,Peeling characteristics of Indian timbers Part 14. Mangifera indica,(mango,Holzforschung Und Holzverwertung 26(S) pp107-9

Jain, V.K.; Arora, K.L.; and Sharma, A.K.,1993,A Note on the Movement of some Indian Timbers,The Indian Forester Vol.119 No.11, pp.936-939

Kapur, S.N., Rehman, M.A.,1939,Notes on the air seasoning characteristics of some Indian woods,Indian Forest Records (n.s.) No.1 (8)

Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1

Kribs, D.A.,1950,Commercial and Foreign Woods on the American Market (a manual to their,structure, identification, uses and distribution,U.S.A. Penn. State College, Tropical Woods Laboratory

Limaye, V.D., Sultan Mohammed,1942,The testing and suitability of Indian timbers for plywood tea chests,Indian Forest Records (NS) Utilization 2(8, Forest Res. Inst. Dehra Dun

Limaye, V.D.,1933,The Physical and Mechanical Properties of woods grown in India (Third,Interim Report on Project 1,Indian Forest Records,18(10,pp1-70

Limaye, V.D.,1957,Grouping of Indian Timbers and Their Properties, Uses and Suitability.,Indian Forest Records (N.S. Timber Mechanics Vol.1 No.2)

Little, E.L., Wadsworth, F.H.,1964,Common Trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.249

Little, E.L.,1948,A Collection of Tree Specimens from Western Ecuador,Caribbean Forester,9(3,pp215-98

Longwood, F.R.,1961,Puerto Rican Woods - Their Machining Seasoning and Related Characteristics,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook,No.205

Nazma,1981,A handbook of Kerala Timbers,Kerala Forest Research Institute Research Report, No.9

Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols

Ramamritham, S.,1954,Use of indigenous (Indian) timber for wood development of aircraft quality,plywood,Comp. Wood 1(6) pp138-4

Reyes, L.J.,1938,Philippine Woods,Commonwealth of the Philippines Department of Agriculture and Commerce,Technical Bulletin,No.7

Sekhar, A.C., Rajput, S.S.,1968,Physical and mechanical properties of sal (Shorea robusta) from fourteen,diffrent localities in India,Indian Forester 94(2) pp175-85

Sekhar, A.C.,1967,Some Indian Timbers Equivalent to Foreign Timbers,Van Vigyan 5(1&2,pp18-24

Skolmen, R.G.,1974,Some woods of Hawaii, properties and uses of 16 commercial species,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest,and Range Experiment Station, General Technical Report PSW_8

Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4

Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6

Varian, H.F., Gallardo, A.C.,1940,Notes on the susceptibility to insect attack of Philippine woods,Philippine Journal of forestry 3(3) pp347-78

Wong Choong Ngok, Burgess, H.J.,1960,A comparison of linear shrinkage data obtained by different methods,Malaysia Forest Research Institute, Forestry Department Research Pamphlet,29









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