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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Turning Scientific Name Manilkara cuneifolia Trade Name Abot-zoc Family Name Sapotaceae Synonyms Mimusops cuneifolia, Manilkara propinqua Common Names Abot-zoc, Doka, Jambo, Ludulio, Masaka, Mngambo, Mti-chuma, Mukunya, Ngambo, Nkunya Regions of Distribution Africa, Eastern Europe, Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda Common Uses Boat building (general), Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Flooring: industrial heavy traffic, Fuelwood, Furniture, Handles: general, Heavy construction, Ladders, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Posts, Railroad ties, Sporting Goods, Tables, Toys, Turnery, Vats, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction Distribution Overview Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indomalesia, and Pacific Islands. Heartwood Color Red Reddish brown Red Sapwood Color Pinkish Grain Straight Even Straight Texture Fine Fine Fine to medium Natural Durability Moderately durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to termites Very durable Resistant to attack from marine borers Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Durable Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed UK=B US=T2C2/T2C1 Fr=1 Drying Defects No end splitting Moderate surface checking Slight end splitting No surface checking Moderate end spitting Slight surface checking Severe surface checking Severe end splitting No twisting or warping No cupping, generally Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Easy Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is severe Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Nailing Possible if prebored Difficult to nail Planing Fair to Good Results Planes well, to a good finish Difficult to plane Resistance to Impregnation Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is extremely resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Difficult to machine Screwing Possible if prebored Turning Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to turn Polishing Fair to Good Results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = large Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Density (dry weight) = 67-75 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = hard Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12509 19341 psi Density 57 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2877 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6628 9623 psi Shearing Strength 2928 psi Stiffness 2385 2774 1000 psi Weight 56 48 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 879 1359 kg/cm2 Density 913 kg/m3 Hardness 1305 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 466 676 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 205 kg/cm2 Stiffness 167 195 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 897 769 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % References Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Banks, C.H.,1954,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with Particular Reference to those,grown in the Union of South Africa,Journal of the South African Forestry Association,No. 24 pp.44-65,[South,African Forestry Journal] Bois, P.J.,1966,The Strength Properties of Tanzania Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi Tech. Note, No.35 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Bryce, J.M.,1967,Commercial Timbers of Tanzania,Tanzanian Forestry Division Util. Sec. Moshi Eggeling, W.J.,1940,Indigenous Trees of Uganda,Govt. Printer Entebbe Uganda McCoy-Hill, M.,1957,Timbers of Tanganyika - Ngambo, Mpande, East African Walnut and Candelabra,Tree,Timber Technology,65(2219,pp467 Murira, K.,1984,Natural Durability Tests of Tanzanian Timbers 1955 - 1982,Tanzania Forestry Research Institute, Timber Utilisation Research Centre,,Moshi. Patterson, D.N.,1963,The strength of Kenya timbers, their derivation and application,Kenya Forestry Department Research Bulletin,No.23 Tack, C.H.,1969,Uganda Timbers,Govt. Printer Uganda Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Tanzania Forest Department,1960,The Natural Durability of Local Timbers,Tanzanian Forest Dept. Tech. Note,No.14 Tanzania Forest Department,1966,Flooring Timbers,Tanzania Forest Div. Util. Sec. Moshi - Timbers of Tanganyika Uganda Forest Department,1954,Flooring Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.17 Uganda Forest Department,1954,Nkunya - Manilkara cuneifolia,Uganda Forestry Department Uganda Timber Leaflet, No.3 Uganda Forest Department,1954,The Mechanical Properties of some Ugandan Timbers,Uganda Forest Department Timber Leaflet,No.1 Whk, J.H. van,1955,Physical and mechanical properties of the woods of Manilkara cuneifolia,and Baikiaea minor,Tropical Woods,No. 102,pp50-54 Wimbush, S.H.,1950,Catalogue of Kenya Timbers,Govt. Printer Nairobi Kenya