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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Size Scientific Name Manilkara littoralis Trade Name Andaman bulletwood Family Name Sapotaceae Synonyms Mimusops littoralis Common Names Andaman bulletwood, Bulletwood, Dogola, Kalpali, Mohwa, Pinle-mohwa Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, India Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Bridge construction, Cabinetmaking, Furniture, Heavy construction, Light construction, Mine timbers, Piling, Turnery, Vehicle parts Distribution Overview Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Indomalesia, and Pacific Islands. Heartwood Color Red Pink Purple Brown Reddish brown Dark brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Pink Well defined Different than heartwood Grain Straight Closed Interlocked Even Wavy Figure Weak (figure) Straight Interlocked Weak figure Wavy Texture Coarse Fine Luster Medium Dull Natural Durability Perishable Moderately durable Non-durable Non-resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Very durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Resistant to attack from marine borers Durable Kiln Schedules Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Splitting Slight surface checking Slight end splitting Severe surface checking Severe end splitting Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Difficult Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 0-10 m Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Planing Planes well, to a good finish Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Difficult to machine Polishing Satisfactory results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Radial = large Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very high Toughness-Hammer drop (impact strength) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = very hard Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 10376 16126 psi Hardness 2940 lbs Impact Strength 64 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 6899 9945 psi Shearing Strength 2695 psi Stiffness 2101 2441 1000 psi Radial Shrinkage 6 % Tangential Shrinkage 9 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 729 1133 kg/cm2 Hardness 1333 kg Impact Strength 162 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 485 699 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 189 kg/cm2 Stiffness 147 171 1000 kg/cm2 Radial Shrinkage 6 % References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Desch, H.E.,1954,Manual of Malayan Timbers (2 vols,Malayan Forest Records,no.15 Purkayastha, S.K.,1982,Indian woods: Their identifications, properties and uses, Vol. IV,Myrlacene to Symploceae,Controller of Publications, New Delhi Sekhar, A.C., Bhatnagar, S.S.,1957,Physical and mechanical properties of woods tested at Forest Research,Institute Report V,Indian Forest Records (n.s) Timber Mechanics 1(6) pp123-35 Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6