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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Substitutes Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Alphitonia zizyphoides Trade Name Myapao Family Name Rhamnaceae Common Names Doi, Myapao, Uakatan Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Fiji [Polynesia], Fiji Common Uses Balusters, Bedroom suites, Blockboard, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Casks, Construction, Cutting surfaces, Decorative plywood, Domestic flooring, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Millwork, Moldings, Novelties, Office furniture, Packing cases, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Stairworks, Stringers, Sub-flooring, Toys, Trimming, Turnery, Veneer, Wainscotting, Walking sticks, Woodwork Environmental Profile Status unknown in many of its growth areas Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview Fiji Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Orange Red Purple Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Brown Red Sapwood Color Pink Brown Pinkish Different than heartwood Grain Straight Even Figure Growth rings (figure) Generally straight, but not always Clear growth rings (figure) Texture Medium Medium Luster Medium High Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Whitish deposits in vessels Gum and mineral deposits The wood contains dark gummy extractives which are reported to affect some machining operations. Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to powder post beetles Perishable Non-durable Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to termites Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites Perishable Odor No specific smell or taste Light-Induced Color Change Darker Drying Defects Checking Collapse Distortion Slight twist/warp No surface checking Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Thick Stock Requires Care Moderately Difficult to Difficult Thinner boards (<1") dry easily Thicker boards (>2") require more care to prevent collapse and surface checking. Moderate Mild initial drying conditions are recommended. Easy Tree Size Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Product Sources Red alder is the most common and important of the hardwoods in the Pacific Northwest. Red alder is rather scarce in the veneer form, but is abundant as lumber. Supplies of the inexpensive lumber are rather plentiful, particularly along the west coast of the United States. Substitutes European lime (Tilia vulgaris ) Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Moderately easy Timber should be supported in boring operations to prevent grain break-out Carving Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to carve Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Low resistance to sawing Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Support during cross-cutting to prevent break-out Gluing Surface Preparation Fairly Easy to Very Easy Carefully Controlled Conditions May require surface treatment for best results Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Support material during mortising to prevent break out. Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good moulding properties Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Poor to Very Poor Results Tends to split during nailing Pre-boring recommended Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Planes well, to a good finish Good planing properties Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Responds well to hand tools Screwing Pre-boring recommended Recommend pre-boring Turning Fair to Good Results Good results Finish is generally satisfactory Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers moderately easy Veneers easily Suitable for peeling Moderately easy to veneer Polishing Fair to Good Results Good results Discoloration, knots and resinous exudates may affect finishing Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = medium Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity = moderate Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9284 13867 psi Crushing Strength 529 960 psi Density 38 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1154 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 4123 7239 psi Shearing Strength 2003 psi Static Bending 5312 7340 psi Stiffness 1608 1810 1000 psi Toughness 129 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.43 Weight 37 31 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 652 974 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 37 67 kg/cm2 Density 608 kg/m3 Hardness 523 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 289 508 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 140 kg/cm2 Static Bending 373 516 kg/cm2 Stiffness 113 127 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 148 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.43 Weight 592 496 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % References Alston, A.S.,1966,Powder Post Beetle Lyctus Species,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.6 Bolza, E., Kloot, N.H.,1972,The Mechanical Properties of 56 Fijian Timbers,Australia C.S.I.R.O. Division of Forest Products Technological Paper,No.,62 Fiji Department of Forestry,1969,A Summary of the Properties of 34 Indigenous Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Suva. Fiji timbers and their uses No.38 Fiji Forestry Department,1970,The Properties and Potential Uses of Doi (Alphitonia zizyphoides) A,Summary of C.S.I.R.O. Investigations,Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.45, Department of Forestry, Suva, Fiji Fiji Forestry Department,1981,The Properties and Uses of 43 Indigenous and Exotic Timbers,Fiji Forestry Department, Fiji Timbers and their Uses No.71 Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1