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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Millettia pendula Trade Name Khacho Family Name Papilionaceae Common Names Khacho, Sortom, Thinwin Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, India, Myanmar Common Uses Agricultural implements, Bridge beams, Bridge construction, Bridge joists, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Construction, Crossties, Factory construction, Farm vehicles, Furniture, Handles, Heavy construction, Light construction, Mine timbers, Moldings, Ornamental work , Paneling, Pile-driver cushions, Piling, Plywood, Posts, Railroad ties, Shafts/Handles, Tool handles, Turnery, Veneer: decorative, Walking sticks, Wheel spokes, Wheels Environmental Profile Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview The genus Millettia is composed of a large number of shrubs, woody climbers, and trees that are widely distributed in the warmer regions of Africa, Asia, and Australia. M. pendula occurs in the drier forests of Burma. Heartwood Color Red Brown Pink White Dark brown Brown Purplish brown - dark Purple Black Attractive mottled figure on tangential surfaces Alternating bands of light and dark tissue Sapwood Color Well defined White to yellow White to pale brown Grain Figure Distinct (figure) Mottle Interlocked Straight Even Very fine Distinct figure Mottled or streaked figure sometimes Straight Interlocked Straight to moderately interlocked Figure occurrence is very fine and distinct Texture Fine Medium Medium coarse to coarse Medium Luster Low Dull Lustrous Natural Growth Defects Gum and mineral deposits Natural Durability Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-durable Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Moderately durable Durable Highly resistant to decay and wood destroying insects Drying Defects Splitting Distortion Checking Slight surface checking Severe surface checking Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Variable results. Moderate Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Drying rate is fairly rapid to fast Naturally dries quickly Rapid Tree Size Bole length is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Tree height is 30-40 m Tree height is 10-20 m Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Product Sources Although flat-sawn lumber exhibits an attractive figure, the heartwood is generally too small for furniture work. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Little Blunting effect on machining is severe Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult The timber is extremely heavy, tough, very strong, and exceptionally hard, and is very difficult to saw. Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Easy to mortise Moulding Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good finishing results Good moulding properties Easy to mould Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Planing Very Good to Excellent Results Laning and other machining operations are very difficult. Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Difficult to machine Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Suitable for peeling Painting Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Material takes a high polish Staining Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 61-67 lbs/cu. ft. Hardness (side grain) = very hard Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = medium Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very high Toughness-Hammer drop (impact strength) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Weight = very high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Resists denting and marring Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Density = very high Compression strength (parallel to grain) = very high Bending strength (MOR) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Difficult to process with ordinary tools Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12878 19841 psi Crushing Strength 2019 2901 psi Density 64 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2876 lbs Impact Strength 53 67 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 6104 9269 psi Shearing Strength 2535 psi Static Bending 6880 10515 psi Stiffness 1815 2201 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 18 24 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.79 0.87 Weight 63 63 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 905 1394 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 141 203 kg/cm2 Density 1025 kg/m3 Hardness 1304 kg Impact Strength 134 170 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 429 651 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 178 kg/cm2 Static Bending 483 739 kg/cm2 Stiffness 127 154 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 1.26 1.68 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.79 0.87 Weight 1009 1009 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 7 % References Carrapiett, J.B.,1960,Notes on ornamental timbers of Burma,Burmese Forester,10(1,pp37-53 Chowdhury, K.A. and S.S. Ghosh. 1963. Indian Woods - Their Identification, Properties and Uses, Volume II - Linaceae to Moringaceae. Published by the Manager of Publications, Delhi, India. Clifford, N.,1957,Timber Identification for the Builder and Architect,Leonard Hill (Books) LTD. London Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Ramesh, Rao K., Purkayastha, S.K.,1972,Indian Woods - Their Identification Properties and Uses,Dehra Dun India,Vol. 3 Sekhar, A.C. and D.N. Bhatia. 1957. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods Tested at Forest Research Institute, Report VIII. Indian Forest Records, New Series, Timber Mechanics, Volume 1, Number 9. The Manager of Publications, Delhi. Sekhar, A.C., Bhatia, D.N.,1957,Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods Tested at Forest Research,Institute. Report VIII,Indian Forest Records (n.s) Timber Mechanics 1(9) pp155-62 Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand.