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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Monopetalanthus heitzii Trade Name Andoung Family Name Caesalpiniaceae Common Names Adoung, Adoung de heitz, Andjung, Andoung, Andoung de heitz, Ekop, Ekop-mayo, N'Douma, Zoele Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Gabon Common Uses Boat building, Boxes and crates, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Construction, Core Stock, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Domestic flooring, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Interior trim, Joinery, Ladders , Lifeboats, Light construction, Matchboxes, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Novelties, Office furniture, Packing cases, Parquet flooring, Plain veneer, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Pulpwood, Shipbuilding, Structural plywood, Sub-flooring, Trimming, Veneer, Wainscotting Environmental Profile Vulnerable Abundant/Secure Status has not been officially assessed Distribution Overview The growth range of the species is confined to the northern areas in Gabon. It grows in moist soils along rivers and swampy or occasionally flooded areas. Heartwood Color Yellow Brown Orange White Pale red to pink Brown White to cream Golden brown Dark brown Brown - greyish Sapwood Color White Yellow Green/Grey Whitish to greyish white Well defined Same as heartwood Grain Interlocked Even Figure Rays (figure) Rays figure Quartersawn surfaces show dark background wood tissue Occasionally interlocked, but not always Interlocked Generally interlocked Lighter colored rays are reported to produce an attractive contrast with the darker background wood tissue on quartersawn surfaces. Texture Fine Medium Coarse Uniform Medium Fine Luster Medium High Natural Durability Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to termites Durable Perishable Very durable Non-resistant to marine borers Resistant to termites Non-durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Moderately durable Resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles Heartwood resistant to decay Heartwood is susceptible to decay fungi, termites, and pinhole borers Odor No specific smell or taste Light-Induced Color Change Darker Kiln Schedules T6 - D2 (4/4) US T3 - D1 (8/4) US Kiln Schedule E (4/4) United Kingdom Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Slight surface checking Slight cupping Casehardening usually develops Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Easy Air-dries rather well Air dries easily and uniformly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Quick removal from forest avoids splitting, and losses to insect or fungal attack Blunting Effect Moderate Little Medium effect Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy End grain requires support to prevent crumbling Bores well with ordinary machine tools Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Easy to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results May need filler Glues well Easy to glue Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Generally good mortising properties End-grain material requires support Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good finishing results End-grain requires support Movement in Service Stable Small Nailing Fair to Good Results Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Tends to split during nailing Good nailing properties Easy to nail Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Laning properties are good. Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Heartwood is resistant Sapwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Moderate working qualities Good response Easy to machine Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Generally good Sanding Fair to Good Results Screwing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Pre-boring recommended Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory screwing properties High tendency to split Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moderate dulling of cutting edges Good results Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Suitable for peeling There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Easy to cut Steam Bending Poor Painting Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Requires a filler Excellent results Staining Finish is generally good Filler required Varnishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Max. crushing strength = medium Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength = high Density = high Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9524 13325 psi Density 34 lbs/ft3 Maximum Crushing Strength 3324 6292 psi Shearing Strength 1666 psi Stiffness 1017 1306 1000 psi Toughness 216 inch-lbs Specific Gravity 0.35 Weight 41 33 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Volumetric Shrinkage 11 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 669 936 kg/cm2 Density 544 kg/m3 Maximum Crushing Strength 233 442 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 117 kg/cm2 Stiffness 71 91 1000 kg/cm2 Toughness 248 cm-kg Specific Gravity 0.35 Weight 657 528 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % References Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department I.U.F.R.O.,1973,Veneer Species of the World,Assembled at F.P.L. Madison on behalf of I.U.F.R.O. Working Party on,Slicing and Veneer Cutting ITTO. 1986. Tropical Timber Atlas, Volume 1 - Africa. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, 45bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, Nogent-sur-Marne Cedex, France. ITTO. New Marketable Species Technical Notes. Prepared by Centre Technique Forestier Tropical (CTFT, Division of CIRAD, 45 bis, Avenue de la Belle Gabrielle, 94736 Nogent-sur-marne Cedex, France Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center - Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.