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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Light-Induced Color Change Luster Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Scientific Name Morus laevigata Trade Name Andi Family Name Moraceae Synonyms Morus cuspidata Common Names Andi, Bola, Indian yellow mulberry, Kimbu, Labri, Malaing, Nambyong, Posa, Sandan, Senta, Singtok, Tawposa, Tawpwesa, Tut Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Burma, India Common Uses Agricultural implements, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Flooring, Furniture, Light construction, Oars, Paneling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Sporting Goods, Textile equipment, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wheel spokes Heartwood Color Brown Purple Red Green/grey Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Brown Sapwood Color Brown White to yellow Well defined Grain Even Figure Straight Rays (figure) Stripe (figure) Straight Striped figure Rays figure Texture Fine Coarse Medium coarse to coarse Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Perishable Moderately durable Light-Induced Color Change Darker Drying Defects Distortion Slight end splitting Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Slowly Reconditioning Treatement Little degrade Easy Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 20-30 m Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Response to Hand Tools Responds Readily Routing & Recessing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Screwing Poor to Very Poor Results Turning Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Good results Strength Properties Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = medium Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Max. crushing strength = low Max. crushing strength = high Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 7711 12078 psi Density 41 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1437 lbs Impact Strength 40 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 4218 6664 psi Shearing Strength 1989 psi Stiffness 1349 1564 1000 psi Weight 40 32 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 542 849 kg/cm2 Density 657 kg/m3 Hardness 651 kg Impact Strength 101 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 296 468 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 139 kg/cm2 Stiffness 94 109 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 641 512 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 2 % References Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Kadambi, K.,1952,Morus laengata Wall,Indian Forester 78(4) pp176-87 Negi, G.S., Bhatia, D.N.,1958,Physical and Mechanical Properties of Woods tested at F.R.I. Report No.10,Indian Forest Records (N.S.) Timber Mechanics,1(11,pp171-18 Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols