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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Mortising Moulding Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Size Varnishing Scientific Name Nothofagus truncata Trade Name Clinker beech Family Name Fagaceae Synonyms Fagus truncata Common Names Clinker beech, Hard beech Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Australia, New Zealand Common Uses Boat building (general), Flooring, Heavy construction, Mine timbers, Poles, Posts, Railroad ties Heartwood Color Brown Black Red Pink Sapwood Color Green/Grey Brown Grain Even Birds-eye (figure) Figure Straight Interlocked Distinct (figure) Stripe (figure) Texture Medium Natural Durability Durable Moderately durable Non-resistant to termites Susceptible to insect attack Drying Defects Distortion Splitting Checking Moderate surface checking Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Tree Size Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 0-10 m Even Straight Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Sanding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Painting Fair to Good Results Varnishing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 9488 14801 psi Density 43 lbs/ft3 Hardness 1658 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 3916 6397 psi Shearing Strength 1989 psi Stiffness 1646 1899 1000 psi Weight 42 34 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % Volumetric Shrinkage 15 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 667 1040 kg/cm2 Density 689 kg/m3 Hardness 752 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 275 449 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 139 kg/cm2 Stiffness 115 133 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 673 544 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 5 % References Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41 Entrican, A.R., Et al,1951,The Physical and Mechanical properties of the principal indegenous woods,of New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service, Wellington NZ Reid, J.S.,1953,Beech Timbers,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.17 Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London