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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Silica Content Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Ongokea gore Trade Name Angueuk Family Name Oleaceae Synonyms Ongokea klaineana, Aptandra gore Common Names Andjek, Angeuk, Angok, Angueuk, Anjek, Anojek, Balla-tue, Bobwe, Boleke, Boleko, Bui, Buleka, Dimuma, Dimuma dileka, Ekuzo, Elede, Gbui, Ibeka, Isano, Isanu, Kosin, Kouero, Ksin, Kuoto, Kuwi, Kwi, Limuna, Mobengui, Moungueke, Muketu, Muleku, N'sano, Nek, Nessano, Ngore, Nzieke, Okeka, Oleke, Oleko, Olekwa, Sano, Sanou, Sanu Regions of Distribution Africa Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire Common Uses Barge fenders, Bedroom suites, Bent Parts, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Concrete formwork, Construction, Decorative plywood, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory construction, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Form work, Foundation posts, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles, Harbor work, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Light construction, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Piling, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Vulnerable Status unknown due to inadequate information Secure in many areas of its range Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Secure in Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Liberia. Its environmental status is currently listed as unknown because of inadequate information in Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Zaire Distribution Overview The genus Ongokea is represented by only one species which occurs in the evergreen humid forests from Sierra Leone to Zaire and Angola in Africa. Heartwood Color Purple Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Pale brown Brown Pale yellow Sapwood Color Yellow Same as heartwood Paler than heartwood The sapwood is not always differentiated from the heartwood. Grain Straight Wavy Figure Closed Even Growth rings (figure) Stripe (figure) Weak (figure) Straight Wavy Weak figure Striped figure Occasionally wavy Curly Clear growth rings (figure) Quartersawn surfaces often exhibit a ribbon-like figure. Texture Even or uniform Uniform Medium Coarse Fine Medium Fine to medium Even textured Luster Dull Natural Durability Durable Non-resistant to powder post beetles Durable Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Very durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Sapwood is liable to sapstain Resistant to attack from marine borers Non durable The wood is rarely attacked by termites, marine borers, or Anobium, but sapwood is liable to sap stain. Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Silica Content Siliceous Toxicity Some toxic effects Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Drying Defects Splitting Distortion Moderate end spitting Slight twist/warp Severe end splitting Moderate twist/warp May warp Should be quartersawn to avoid distortion due to large volumetric shrinkage. Ease of Drying Slowly Fairly Easy Difficult Kiln-Dry using low temperatures Fairly difficult to dry Tree Identification Bole/stem form is not buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size It develops straight and cylindrical stems above an occasional lobed or swollen base. Product Sources The tree is also a source of many important non-timber products. The bark yields tannin, and seed kernels are used for soap and lubricants. The tree also produces an edible fruit. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Medium blunting effect on tools Blunting effect on machining is slight Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Easy Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy The timber saws well but slowly. Gluing Easy to glue Good gluing properties Difficult to glue Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to mortise Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to mould Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Nailing Easy to nail Tends to split during nailing Holds nails well Difficult to nail Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to plane Yields smooth surfaces Yields clean surfaces Responds readily to machine tools Planes well, to a good finish The timber is reported to plane, turn, mould, mortise, and rout generally easily Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to machine Yields a smooth, clean finish Responds well to hand tools Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Sanding Good sanding properties Screwing May split in screwing Good screw holding properties Turning Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Polishing Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Polishes to yield a smooth surface Staining Good staining qualities Finish is generally satisfactory Varnishing Very good response to preservative treatment Good results Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Bending strength (MOR) = high Shrinkage, Tangential = large Shrinkage, Radial = large Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Hardness (side grain) = hard Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = medium Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Bending strength (MOR) = very high Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = very hard Very heavy Very dense Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Hardness (side grain) = soft Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 12866 19826 psi Density 54 lbs/ft3 Hardness 2306 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 6416 9922 psi Shearing Strength 2710 psi Stiffness 1976 2270 1000 psi Specific Gravity 0.65 0.69 Weight 53 42 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Volumetric Shrinkage 14 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 904 1393 kg/cm2 Density 865 kg/m3 Hardness 1046 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 451 697 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 190 kg/cm2 Stiffness 138 159 1000 kg/cm2 Specific Gravity 0.65 0.69 Weight 849 673 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % References Banks, C.H. and J.P. Schoeman. 1963. Railway Sleeper and Crossing Timbers. Bulletin No. 41, Republic of South Africa. The Government Printer, Pretoria, South Africa. Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research Broun, A.F.,(1899,Satinwood,Indian Forester,25(5,pp181-5 Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Dudek, S.,1981,Lesser Known Liberian Timber Species,German Agency for Technical Cooperation Germany Erfurth, T., Rusche, H.,1976,The Marketing of Tropical Wood A. Wood Species from African Moist Forests,F.A.O. Forestry Department Fouarge, J., Gerard, G.,1964,Bois du Mayumbe,I.N.E.A.C. Belguim Fouarge, J.,1950,Appropriation de Bois Congolais aux Besoins de la Metropole,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.38 Fouarge, J.,1953,Bois du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Fouarge, J.,1970,Essais Physiques,Mecaniques et de Durabilite de Bois de la Republique,Democratique du Congo,I.N.E.A.C. Belgium Serie Technique,No.76 France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT France - C.T.F.T.,Resultats des Observations et des Essais Effectues au CTFT sur :Angueuk -,Ongokea gore,C.T.F.T., No.140 France - Comite Nacional des Bois Coloniaux,1931,Etude Physique et Mecanique des Bois Coloniaux,Assoc. Colonies-Sciences & Comite National des Bios Coloniaux, Paris,,France Freitas, M.C.P.G. de,1961,Madeiras de Angola Series 1,Reprint from Garcia de Orta Lisbon,9(4,pp699-711 Hedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la Cameroun Hughes, J.F.,1971,The Principal Timber Trees of Cameroon,Unpublished data Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London Keay, R.W.J. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Revised Version of Nigerian Trees. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan Kennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer Lagos Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159 Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5 Monterio, R.R., Pimenta de Franca, O.F.,1965,Tres Especies Florestais de Angola,Bol. Inst. Invest. Cientifica de Angola Reprint (Luanda, 2(2,pp209-18 Pieters, A.,1977,Essences Forestieres du Zaire,R.U.G. Gent Belguim Saint-Aubin, G. de,1963,La Foret du Gabon,CTFT Publ., No.21 Sallenave, P.,1955,Proprietes Phyiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux de l'Union Francaise,C.T.F.T Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra Leone Stone, H.,1923,Etude Descriptive sur les Bois Utiles de la Guyane Francaise,Faculte des Sciences de Marseille France Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7 Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and Sons Unwin, A.H.,1920,West African Forests and Forestry,T. Fisher Unwin Ltd. London