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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Natural Growth Defects Numerical Data Odor Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Toxicity Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Parashorea malaanonan Trade Name White seraya Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Synonyms Parashorea malaanonan, Parashorea warburgii, Shorea malaanonan, Dipterocarpus malaanonan Common Names Anyit, Apnit, Bagtikan, Baiukan, Baiukan-pula, Bakoog, Balak-bakan, Baliuisuis, Banaliuan, Bayokan, Bayukan-pula, Bayukan-puti, Binaliuan, Buayahon, Cho-chi, Dalurot, Dangiog, Danglog, Danlig, Danlig-puti, Danlog, Daun lichin, Dunlog, Gagil, Gerutu gerutu, Guijo blanco, Hapnit, Lapnisan, Lasaan, Lauaan, Lauan, Lauan item, Lauan-barik, Lauan-danlog, Lauan-pula, Lauan-puti, Light red lauan, Litok, Malaanonang, Malaanonang na pula, Malakayan, Manggasinoro, Manlokoloko, Mayapis, Meranti putih, Murut, Pendan, Philippine mahogany, Seraya putah, Takuban, Takulau, Tavoy wood, Thingadu, Tiaong, Urat mata, White lauan, White seraya, Yauaan Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines Common Uses Balusters, Bedroom suites, Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: framing, Boat building: planking, Building construction, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Construction, Core Stock, Decks, Decorative plywood, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Domestic flooring, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Factory flooring, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mine timbers, Moldings, Musical instruments, Office furniture, Paneling, Parquet flooring, Particleboard, Plain veneer, Plywood corestock, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stairworks, Stools, Stringers, Structural plywood, Sub-flooring, Toothpicks, Toys, Turnery, Utility plywood, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Veneer: decorative Environmental Profile Abundant/Secure Status within its natural growth range has not been officially assessed Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center The population of this species is secure within its natural habitat in most areas in its range, including Brunei, Philippines, Borneo, Sabah, and Sarawak Distribution Overview The species is distributed in large quantities in Sabah and the PhilippinesParashorea is a comparatively small genus, and is represented over a wide area from Burma, Indo-China, Sumatra and the mala Penisula in the west to Borneo and the Philippines in the east. P. plicata occurs in the Philippines, and is found on practically all the Islands, except in northern Luzon. It is considered as one of the most abundant species in the islands. Heartwood Color Brown Red Yellow Purple Green/grey Pale brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale red to pink Greenish to greyish Reddish brown Straw colored Light brown Brown The heartwood turns slightly darker upon exposure and tends to darken with age Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red White to yellow Paler than heartwood Color not distinct from heartwood Well defined The sapwood is usually very wide, 2.5 to 3 inches (60 to 80 mm) and is whitish in color when freshly-cut, but darkens to light gray upon drying Grain Interlocked Figure Stripe (figure) Straight Even Rippled (figure) Distinct (figure) Interlocked Striped figure Straight Rippled figure Distinct figure Texture Coarse Even or uniform Uniform Medium coarse to coarse Coarse Medium Even textured Luster Medium Lustrous Slightly lustrous Dull Natural Growth Defects Brittleheart is often frequent and extensive Natural Durability Non-durable Perishable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to termites Non durable Moderately durable Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) may be present in the felled log Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Susceptible to termite attack Susceptible to marine borer attack Sapwood susceptible to attack by powder post beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately resistant to termite (Isoptera) attack Heartwood has negligible resistance to decay in the tropics and moderate durability in temperate regions Odor Has an odor No specific smell or taste Toxicity Sawdust can cause skin irritation in some individuals Dermatitic effects Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast UK=J US=T10D5S/T8D4S Fr=4 US=T10D5S/T8D4S UK=J US=T12B5/T11B3 UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Dry at a moderate speed Drying Defects Distortion Moderate twist/warp Slight surface checking Moderate surface checking Slight twist/warp Slight cupping Moderate cupping Moderate collapse and honeycombing Slight end splitting Slight collapse and honeycomb Moderate end spitting May cup during drying Drying conditions should be carefully controlled The lumber requires care during air-drying to prevent warping, checking, and staining Ease of Drying Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Easy Shrinkage from Green to 12% MC Seasons well if properly stacked Moderate Difficult Air-dries rather well Radial - 1.6% Tangential - 4.2% Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is cylindrical Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Parashorea trees are described as very large, attaining heights of about 200 feet (60 cm), with trunk diameters of 36 to 60 inches (90 to 150 cm) above large buttresses. Philippine trees reach up to 6 feet (1.8 m) in diameter. They usually develop straight and well formed boles that have merchantable lengths of about 100 feet (30 m). The timber is described as large, reaching a height of 200 feet (60 m), with a trunk diameter of 36 to 60 inches (90 to 150 cm). It develops boles that are straight, cylindrical and clear of branches for about 100 feet (30 m). Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Tyloses are abundant in the wood. Some trees may contain brittleheart but it extends less than 120 mm from the pith Blunting Effect Little Blunting effect on machining is slight Slight blunting effect on cutters Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is moderate Boring Fair to good results Fairly easy to very easy Good (75+ pieces out of 100 will yield good to excellent results) Easy Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very good results Carves well in dry condition Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Moderate to saw Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Saws well Rather low Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to glue Satisfactory gluing properties Mortising Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good mortising properties Finishes well Moulding Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to mould Movement in Service Small Medium Holds its shape well after manufacture Dimensionally stable Dimensionally stable after seasoning Retains its shape well in use Nailing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Easy to nail Holds nails well Satisfactory nailing properties Good nailing characteristics Difficult to nail Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Ease of planing is moderate Easy to plane The material is rather easy to work, but a 20 degree angle has been recommended in planing quartersawn stock since it tends to tear. Responds well to hand and machine tools Planes well, to a good finish Planes to a poor finish Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Sapwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Easy to machine Moderate working qualities Slight dulling effect on cutting edges Responds well to hand tools Responds very well to hand tools Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results