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Blunting Effect Boring Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Steam Bending Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Parashorea stellata Trade Name Chan oi Family Name Dipterocarpaceae Synonyms Parashorea poilanei, Shorea cinerea, Shorea stellata Common Names Chan oi, Chengal, Chengal tiga banir, Cho chi, Dmar laut, Gerutu, Gerutu-gerutu, Gerutugerutu, Hao, Kabba, Kadut, Kadutni, Kadutpyu, Kai kieo, Kaunghmu, Kawthu, Kawwa, Khai kheio, Khai kieo, Khaikhieo, Khamin dam, Kheikhio, Khian sai, Kobe, Koungnhoo, Lemasa, Mai hao, Mangirawan, Maranti botino, May cho chi, May hao, Meluit, Meranti gerutu, Meranti putih, Meranti sabut, Panthitya, Pat lang khieo, Suai, Takhian-sarmporn, Tambun ranggas, Tavoy wood, Tengkawang pasir, Thakhiansarmorn, Thingadu, White meranti Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam Common Uses Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Flooring, Furniture, Heavy construction, Joinery, Light construction, Paneling, Particleboard, Plywood, Poles, Pulp/Paper products, Railroad ties, Vehicle parts, Veneer Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Orange White Purple Black Red Pink Green/grey Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Reddish brown Pale red to pink Pale brown Brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Green/Grey White to yellow Grain Interlocked Figure Even Straight Distinct (figure) Variable (figure) Interlocked Variable figure Straight Distinct figure Texture Coarse Coarse Medium coarse to coarse Luster Low Lustrous Natural Durability Perishable Non-durable Susceptible to insect attack Non-resistant to powder post beetles Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Moderately durable Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Heartwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack Durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Non durable Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is slow Drying Defects Distortion Moderate twist/warp Slight surface checking Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Ease of Drying Rapidly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Very slow (>28 days for boards < 32 mm, to >84 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is buttressed Bole/stem form is misshapen Bole/stem form is cylindrical Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 10-20 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect Blunting effect on machining is moderate Boring Easy Cutting Resistance Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Mortising Finishes well Nailing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Planes well, to a good finish Easy to plane Ease of planing is moderate Resistance to Impregnation Permeable sapwood Permeable heartwood Heartwood is extremely resistant Heartwood is resistant Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Easy to machine Turning Good results Easy to turn Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Suitable for slicing Veneers moderately easy Veneers easily Difficult to veneer Steam Bending Very poor Polishing Good results Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = large Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = high Max. crushing strength = high Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Radial = very small Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = large Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 8670 13570 psi Density 43 lbs/ft3 Hardness 995 lbs Impact Strength 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 5706 8526 psi Shearing Strength 1883 psi Stiffness 2167 2494 1000 psi Weight 42 34 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 13 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 609 954 kg/cm2 Density 689 kg/m3 Hardness 451 kg Impact Strength 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 401 599 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 132 kg/cm2 Stiffness 152 175 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 673 544 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 3 Southern Asia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Chowdhury, K.A., Ghosh, S.S.,1958,Indian Woods: Their identification, properties and uses Vol. I,Dilleruaceae to Elaeocarpaceae,Manager of Publications, Delhi, India Fundter, J.M.,1982,Names for Dipterocarp timbers and trees from Asia,Pudoc, Wageningen, Netherlands Gamble, J.S.,1902,A Manual of Indian Timbers,Sampson Low, Marston & Co. London I. Soerianegara and R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Editors,1993,Plant Resources of South-East Asia 5,(PROSEA, 1,Timber trees: Major commercial timbers,Pudoc Scientific Publishers, Wageningen 1993 Keating, W.G., Bolza, E.,1982,Characteristics properties and uses of timbers. South East Asia, Northern,Australia and the Pacific,C.S.I.R.O. Div. Chemical Technology,Inkata Press,1 Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press Pearson, R.S., Brown, H.P.,1932,Commercial Timbers of India,Govt. Printer Calcutta,2 vols Smitinand, T., Et al,1980,A Manual of Diplerocarpaceae of Mainland South-East Asia,Forest Department, Thailand Sono, P.,1974,Merchantable Timbers of Thailand.,Forest Products Research Division, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,,Thailand. Tewari, M.C., Jain, J.C.,1980,Utilization of Secondary Species,Journal of the National Building Organization 25(2) pp1-6 Titmuss, F.H.,1965,Commercial Timbers of the World,Technical Press Ltd., London, 3rd edition