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Blunting Effect
Boring
Carving
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Schedules
Light-Induced Color Change
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Routing & Recessing
Sanding
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Strength Properties
Synonyms
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Identification
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
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Synonyms
Parkia zenkeri
Common Names
Anandwe, Asoma, Assama, Assima, Boe, Boh, Dawa-dua, Dego, Dogo, Essang, Esuane, Etediuku, Gumni, Gumui, Gworluu, Igba odo, Igbado, Ka-kulbei, Kakpaja, Kua-ne, Kulenere, Kwa-ne, La pata fouanga, Lo, Lo-hondo, Locust bean, Locust-beam, Locust-bean, Mukualukoya, Ogirili okpi, Osho, Osonkoran, Parkia, Singa, Ugbore, Ugboro, Woaglu
Regions of Distribution
Africa
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Zaire
Common Uses
Agricultural implements, Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Casks, Chairs, Chests, Concealed parts (Furniture), Core Stock, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Excelsior, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Hardboards, Hatracks, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Light construction, Living-room suites, Matches, Millwork, Moldings, Office furniture, Packing cases, Particleboard, Plywood, Pulp/Paper products, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Shipbuilding, Stools, Tables , Trimming, Turnery, Utility furniture, Vehicle parts, Veneer, Wainscotting
Environmental Profile
| Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center |
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This species is secure within its natural habitat in most areas in its range, including Cameroon and Liberia. Its status in the wild is listed as unknown due to insufficient information in Angola, Benin, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Zaire
Distribution Overview
The species is distributed in West and Central Africa, and occurs from Guinea to Angola.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Reddish brown |
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| Pale yellow |
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| Pale brown |
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| Greenish to greyish |
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Sapwood Color
| White to yellow |
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| Well defined |
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| Same as heartwood |
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| Color not distinct from heartwood |
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Grain
| Even |
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| Closed |
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| Straight |
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| Wavy |
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The grain is usually variable
Texture
| Medium |
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| Coarse |
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| Coarse |
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| Even textured |
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Luster
Natural Durability
| Non-resistant to powder post beetles |
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| Susceptible to insect attack |
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| Non durable |
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| The wood is susceptible to attack by pinhole borers |
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| Susceptible to marine borer attack |
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| Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) |
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| Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles |
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| Susceptible to attack by marine borers and termites |
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| Sapwood is susceptible to wood staining fungal attack |
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| Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present |
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| Perishable |
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It is also liable to blue-stain, particularly on the borders of growth zones.
Odor
Freshly-Milled wood has an unpleasant odor
Light-Induced Color Change
Kiln Schedules
Drying Defects
| Distortion (twist/warp) is likely |
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Ease of Drying
Tree Identification
| Bole/stem form is buttressed |
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| Bole/stem form is not buttressed |
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Tree Size
Trunk diameter is reported to range from 24 to 60 inches (60 to 150 cm) at maturity.
Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
The bark of the tree is reported to contain tannin
The macerated bark and leaves are used for medicinal purposes, and the fruit and seeds are high in oil content, and are edible
Blunting Effect
The timber is very light and soft, with very little or no blunting effect on cutting edges
Boring
Carving
Cutting Resistance
| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy |
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| Moderate sawing properties |
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| Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy |
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| Cutting Resistance with dry wood is moderate |
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Gluing
The material responds especially well to casein and resin-based adhesives
Mortising
| Responds satisfactorily to mortising operations |
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Moulding
| Moulding operations are satisfactory |
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Nailing
The wood can be nailed very easily. No pre-boring is required.
Planing
| Planes well, to a good finish |
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| Easy to plane |
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The timber is reported to plane to a smooth finish with a natural sheen
Resistance to Impregnation
| Sapwood is permeable |
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| Heartwood is moderately resistant |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to machine |
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| Responds very well to hand tools |
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Routing & Recessing
Routing characteristics are rated as fair
Sanding
| Yields a smooth surface |
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| Very Good Sanding Properties |
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Turning
| Satisfactory turning properties |
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Polishing
| Rather difficult to polish |
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| Poor results |
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Varnishing
| Gluing is often difficult |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = very small |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = high |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = large |
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| Shrinkage, Volumetric = fairly large |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = small |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = fairly large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Hardness (side grain) = soft |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = very low |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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It is weak in compression parallel to grain (maximum crushing strength), and is inferior to Mahogany.
Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 7576 | 11744 | psi |
| Density | | 28 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 657 | lbs |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 2869 | 5131 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1110 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1106 | 1280 | 1000 psi |
| Weight | 27 | 24 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
| Volumetric Shrinkage | 10 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 532 | 825 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 448 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 298 | kg |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 201 | 360 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 78 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 77 | 89 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Weight | 432 | 384 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 3 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 7 | | % |
References
Bolza, E., Keating, W.G.,1972,African Timbers - the Properties, Uses and Characteristics of 700 Species,C.S.I.R.O. Div. of Building Research
Cooper, G.P., Record, S.J.,1931,The Evergreen Forests of Liberia,Yale School Forestry Bulletin,31,pp1-153
Hedin, L.,1930,Etude sur la Foret et les Bois du Cameroun,Haut-Commissaire de la Cameroun
Irvine, F.R.,1961,Woody Plants of Ghana,O.U.P. London
Keay, R.W.J.,1964,Nigerian Trees Vol.2,Nigeria Federal Department of Forest Research, Ibadan
Kennedy, J.D.,1936,Forest Flora of Southern Nigeria,Government Printer Lagos
Kryn, J.M., Forbes, E.W.,1959,The Woods of Liberia,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture,Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,,Report No. 2159
Kunkel, G.,1965,The Trees of Liberia,German Forestry Mission to Liberia Report,No.3
Lebacq, L., Dechamps, R.,1967,Contribution a un Inventaire de Forets du Nord-kasai,Musee Royal de L'Afrique Centrale Belgium Annals Series 8 No.5
Meniaud, J., Bretonnet, F.,1926,Les Bois Coloniaux d'Afrique dans l'Industrie,Publ. de l'Agence Gen. des Colonies
Sallenave, P.,1971,Proprietes Physiques et Mecaniques des Bois Tropicaux (Deuxieme,Supplement,C.T.F.T.
Savill, P.S., Fox, J.E.D.,1967,Trees of Sierra Leone
Takahashi, A.,1978,Compilation of Data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part,III) Africa,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No. 7
Taylor, C.J.,1960,Synecology and Silviculture in Ghana,University College of Ghana Thomas Nelson and Sons
Voorhoeve, A.G.,1965,Liberian High Forest Trees,Centre for Agric. Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen
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