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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Comments Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Odor Planing Polishing Product Sources References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Resistance to Splitting Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sapwood Color Scientific Name Screwing Staining Strength Properties Synonyms Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Anadenanthera macrocarpa Trade Name Curupay Family Name Leguminosae Synonyms Anadenanthera colubrina Common Names Angico, Angico preto, Angico prieto, Angico-bravo, Angico-preto-rajado, Angico-rajado, Angico-vermelho, Cambui-ferro, Cebil, Cebil Colorado, Cebil moro, Curupay, Curupay ata, Curupay negro, Curupay-ata, Dark angico, Guarapiraca Regions of Distribution Latin America Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Peru Common Uses Agricultural implements, Barge fenders, Boat building (general), Boat building: framing, Bridge construction, Building construction, Building materials, Cabin construction, Cabinetmaking, Chemical containers, Construction, Crossties, Docks, Dockwork, Domestic flooring, Door, Exterior trim & siding, Exterior uses, Factory construction, Flooring, Flooring: commercial heavy traffic, Foundation posts, Furniture, Handles, Harbor work, Heavy construction, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Light construction, Lock gates, Marine construction, Mine timbers, Naval architecture, Parquet flooring, Piling, Poles, Posts, Raft floats, Rafts, Railroad ties, Shafts/Handles, Shakes, Sheathing, Shingles, Siding, Stakes, Structural work, Sub-flooring, Tannin, Tool handles, Turnery, Vehicle parts, Wharf construction Environmental Profile Status unknown in many of its growth areas Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Distribution Overview Has a wide distribution in Argentina and is also found in the subtropical and dry forests of Brazil and Paraguay. Heartwood Color Brown Red Black Purple Reddish brown Black Pale brown Turn reddish brown upon exposure Dark brown Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Pink Tan White to yellow Pinkish Tan to brown in color Grain Interlocked Figure Irregular Distinct (figure) Interlocked Moderately to severely interlocked Irregular Distinct figure Texture Fine Medium Fine Medium Luster Medium Lustrous Natural Durability Very durable Resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Susceptible to insect attack Very durable Very high natural resistance Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Resistant to decay for 15-25 years Resistant to attack from termites (Isoptera) Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles) Odor No specific smell or taste Kiln Schedules Dry at a slow speed Uk=G US=T8B3/T5B1 T8 - B3 (4/4); T5 - B1 (8/4) US Schedule G; United Kingdom Drying Defects Splitting Checking Distortion Moderate surface checking Moderate end spitting Slight twist/warp Moderate twist/warp Ease of Drying Slowly Dries slowly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries slowly Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Tree height is 10-20 m Bole length is 20-30 m Tree height is 30-40 m Product Sources The ITTO reports that timber production from this species is irregular. Export potential is rated as fair. Espave is rather abundant and grows on accessible terrain which makes it easy to harvest. It is, however, not very prominent on the world market because it has uses that compete with the less expensive and more abundant Lauan (Shorea spp). Its properties are less desirable than other woods for cabinet making. The tree of Espave is also the source of various non-timber products. It produces edible apples and nuts, and the macerated bark is used as a type of fish poison in Panama. Comments General finishing qualities are rated as good Blunting Effect High to severe Blunting effect on machining is severe Blunting effect on sawing green wood is severe Blunting effect on machining is fairly severe Boring Fairly difficult to very difficult Difficult Carving Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly difficult to carve Cutting Resistance Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is difficult Cutting Resistance with dry wood is difficult Mortising Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to mortise Very hard wood Moulding Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult moulding qualities Movement in Service Fair to Good Stability - Medium Movement Excellent Stability - Small Movement Medium Stable Nailing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Pre-Boring Recommended Difficult to nail Pre-boring recommended Planing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to plane Advised to reduce cutting angle Resistance to Impregnation Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is resistant Resistance to Splitting Poor Response to Hand Tools Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Difficult to machine Routing & Recessing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Routing is difficult Screwing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Difficult to screw Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Easy to turn Good results Veneering Qualities Veneers easily Veneers moderately easy Suitable for peeling Easy to cut Polishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Satisfactory results Good results Staining Fair to Good Results Finish is generally satisfactory Strength Properties Max. crushing strength = high Modules of Elasticity = High Density (dry Weight) = >50 lbs/cu. ft Shrinkage, Volumetric = large Shrinkage, Tangential = fairly large Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Volumetric = moderate Modulus of Elasticity = moderate Hardness (side grain) = Hard Bending strength (MOR) = high Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 20349 26732 psi Density 62 lbs/ft3 Hardness 3420 lbs Impact Strength 76 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 9822 13290 psi Shearing Strength 3117 psi Stiffness 2382 2683 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 36 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.72 Weight 61 50 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % Volumetric Shrinkage 12 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 1430 1879 kg/cm2 Density 993 kg/m3 Hardness 1551 kg Impact Strength 192 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 690 934 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 219 kg/cm2 Stiffness 167 188 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 2.53 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.72 Weight 977 801 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 8 % References Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48 Berni, C.A., Bolza, E., Christensen, F.J.,1979,South American Timbers - The Characteristics, Properties and Uses of 190,Species,C.S.I.R.O Div. Building Research Boone, R.S., C.J. Kozlik, P.J. Bois, E.M. Wengert. 1988. Dry Kiln Schedules for Commercial Hardwoods -Temperate and Tropical. USDA, Forest Service, General Technical Report FPL-GTR-57, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin. Celulosa Argentina,1973,Libro del Arbol,Celulosa Argentina Buenos Aires 3 Vols Chudnoff, M.,1984,Tropical Timbers of the World,U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products,Laboratory, Madison. Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO Forest Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1969,The Movement of Timbers,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough Technical Note,No.38 Forests Products Research Laboratory, U.K.,1956,A Handbook of Hardwoods,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Department of,Science and Industrial Research, Building Research Establishment France - C.T.F.T.,1973,Investigations and Tests carried out on Tropical Timber by several,Research Laboratories,CTFT HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Koehler, A.,1928,Tests on six Argentina Woods,Tropical Wood 2(14) pp15-20 Lavers, G.M. 1966. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50. Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London. (Air-dry values only) Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50) Mainieri, C., Pereira, J.A.,1965,Madeiras do Brasil,Anuario Brasileiro de Economia Florestal,17(17,PP135-416 Mainieri, C.,1970,Madeiras Brasilieras,Sao Paulo Secretaria da Agricultra, Institulo Florestral Mainieri, C.,1978,Fichas de Caracteristicas das Madeiras Brasileiras,Inst. Pesquisas Technologicas McElwee et al, R.L., Isenberg (revised by M.L. Harder & L. Lounden, I.H.,1956,Estudio Fisico y Mecanico de las Especies Forestales del Genero,'Piptadenia',Anales de la Admin. NAC. de Bosques Argentina,pp63-84 Record, S.J., Hess, R.W.,1943,Timbers of the New World,Yale University Press Rizzini, C.T.,1978,Arvores e Madeiras Uteis do Brasil: Manual de Dendrologia Brasileira,Editora Edgard Blucher LTDA Brazil Sao Paulo - Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas,1956,Tabelas de Resultados obtidos para Madeiras Nacionais,Inst. Pesq. Tec. Sao Paulo, Brazil Bol., No.31(2nd Ed.) Smith, D.N.,1959,The Natural Durability of Timber,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Record,No.30 Takahashi, A.,1975,Compilation of data on the Mechanical Properties of Foreign Woods (Part 2,Central and South America,Shimane University, Japan, Research Report on Foreign Wood No.4 Timber Development Association Ltd.,1955,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Timber Development Association Ltd. Tortorelli, L.,1956,Maderas y Bosques Argentinos,Editorial Acme S.A.C.I. Buenos Aires WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom. Wise, L.E., Ratliff, E.K.,1947,Summative Analysis of Quebrancho Wood,Tropical Woods 12(91) pp40-45