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Blunting Effect
Boring
Comments
Common Names
Common Uses
Countries of Distribution
Cutting Resistance
Distribution Overview
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying
Environmental Profile
Family Name
Gluing
Grain
Heartwood Color
Kiln Drying Rate
Kiln Schedules
Luster
Mortising
Moulding
Movement in Service
Nailing
Natural Durability
Numerical Data
Odor
Painting
Planing
Polishing
References
Regions of Distribution
Resistance to Impregnation
Response to Hand Tools
Sapwood Color
Scientific Name
Staining
Steam Bending
Strength Properties
Texture
Trade Name
Tree Size
Turning
Varnishing
Veneering Qualities
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Common Names
English plane, European plane, French plane, Lacewood, London plane, Platane
Regions of Distribution
Mediterranean Sea Region, Western Europe
Countries of Distribution
[VIEW MAP]
France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom
Common Uses
Boxes and crates, Cabinetmaking, Carvings, Cigar boxes, Decorative veneer, Fine furniture, Flooring, Furniture, Inlay work, Joinery, Paneling , Paneling, Veneer, Veneer: decorative
Environmental Profile
| Environmental status not officially assessed |
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Distribution Overview
The natural growth range of in Europe, and includes the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, and surrounding countries. It is highly tolerant of poor growing conditions such as polluted air and restricted root space, and has survived as a very successful street plant in London and other large cities of southern England.
Heartwood Color
| Brown |
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| Green/grey |
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| Black |
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| Red |
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| Yellow to golden-yellow to orange |
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| Reddish brown |
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| White to cream |
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| Red |
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| Light reddish brown |
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| Dark brown |
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| Brown |
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Plain European plane and Lacewood (obtained from highly figured, quartered plane) are often chemically treated to produce a form of Harewood, in which the background color becomes silver gray, but the broad rays retain their original color. The product of the chemical treatment is used for marquetry work
Similar in color to Beech (Fagus)
Sapwood Color
| White |
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| Red |
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| Brown |
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| Green/Grey |
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| Yellow |
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| Same as heartwood |
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| White to yellow |
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| Paler than heartwood |
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| Not distinct from heartwood |
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| Darker color due to wood irregularities |
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Grain
| Distinct (figure) |
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| Figure |
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| Straight |
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| Even |
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| Figure shows rays |
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| Distinct and very fine figure |
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| Straight |
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| Generally straight, but not always |
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| Distinct figure |
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| Broad rays produce silver grain on quartersawn surfaces |
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The reddish-brown color of the rays contrast with the lighter background color of the wood to produce a distinctive and highly decorative figure. The pattern produced by the rays on quartered surfaces has led to the name Lacewood, which is used to refer to quartersawn Plane timber only.
Texture
| Fine |
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| Medium |
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| Fine |
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| Fine to medium |
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Luster
Natural Durability
| Moderately durable |
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| Resistant to marine borers |
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| Perishable |
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| Non durable |
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| Vulnerable to attack by furniture beetle |
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| Very little natural resistance to decay in ground contact |
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Odor
| No specific smell or taste |
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Kiln Schedules
| Drying (speed) is fast |
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| UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 |
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| Schedule E (4/) United Kingdom |
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| Dry at a moderate speed |
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Drying Defects
| Distortion |
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| Tangential shrinkage may be 9% |
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| Splitting is less serious than distortion during drying |
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| Shrinkage from Green to 12% MC |
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| Severe twisting/warping |
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| Radial shrinkage is around 4% |
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| Moderate twist/warp |
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Ease of Drying
| Fairly Easy |
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| Slowly |
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| Moderately Difficult to Difficult |
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| Easy |
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| Seasons at fairly rapid rate, but requires some care to prevent degrade |
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| Moderate |
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Kiln Drying Rate
Tree Size
| Tree height is 20-30 m |
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| Tree height is 10-20 m |
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| Tree height is 30-40 m |
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| Bole length is 0-10 m |
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| Tree height is 40-50 m |
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| Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm |
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Comments
General finishing qualities are rated as good
Blunting Effect
| Moderate dulling effect on cutting edges |
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| Blunting effect on machining is moderate |
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Boring
| Boring, mortising, and other machining properties are generally satisfactory |
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Cutting Resistance
| Slight tendency for saws to bind |
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| Cross-Cutting and narrow band sawing operations are satisfactory |
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Gluing
Mortising
| Moderately easy to mortise |
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Moulding
| Satisfactory moulding results |
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| Moulding ease is moderate |
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Movement in Service
| Excellent Stability - Small Movement |
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| Good dimensional stability and shows little movement in use |
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Nailing
| Holds nails well |
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| Good nailing characteristics |
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Planing
| Ease of planing is moderate |
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| Satisfactory machining properties |
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| Reduced cutting angle recommended |
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| Planes to a satisfactory finish |
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| Broad rays tend to flake when planing quartersawn surfaces, unless cutting edges are kept very sharp |
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Resistance to Impregnation
| Resistant heartwood |
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| Resistant sapwood |
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| Fairly good response to preservative treatment |
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Response to Hand Tools
| Easy to Work |
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| Easy to machine |
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| Moderate working qualities |
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| Responds well to hand tools |
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| Moderate dulling of cutting edges |
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Turning
| Good results |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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| Excellent turney wood for making fancy and decorative items |
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| Easy to turn |
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Veneering Qualities
| Easy to cut |
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| Suitable for veneer manufacturing |
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| Suitable for slicing |
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Steam Bending
| Fair to Good Results |
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| Very good |
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| Very good steam bending qualities |
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Painting
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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Polishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Satisfactory results |
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| Requires some care for good results |
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Staining
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Finish is generally satisfactory |
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| Stains well under moderately controlled conditions |
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Varnishing
| Very Good to Excellent Results |
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| Fair to Good Results |
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| Fairly Easy to Very Easy |
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Strength Properties
| Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Max. crushing strength = medium |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = low |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low |
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| Max. crushing strength = low |
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| Hardness (side grain) = very soft |
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| Work to Maximum Load |
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| Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low |
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| Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low |
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| Toughness (total work) = low |
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| Shrinkage, Tangential = large |
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| Shrinkage, Radial = large |
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| Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium |
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| Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low |
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| Low stiffness |
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| High in density |
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| Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. |
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| Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
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Numerical Data
| Item | Green | Dry | English |
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| Bending Strength | 7278 | 10833 | psi |
| Density | | 39 | lbs/ft3 |
| Hardness | | 940 | lbs |
| Impact Strength | | 22 | inches |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 3501 | 5909 | psi |
| Shearing Strength | | 1323 | psi |
| Stiffness | 1060 | 1291 | 1000 psi |
| Toughness | | 167 | inch-lbs |
| Work to Maximum Load | 7 | 10 | inch-lbs/in3 |
| Specific Gravity | | 0.59 | |
| Weight | 39 | 38 | lbs/ft3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
| Tangential Shrinkage | 10 | | % |
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| Item | Green | Dry | Metric |
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| Bending Strength | 511 | 761 | kg/cm2 |
| Density | | 624 | kg/m3 |
| Hardness | | 426 | kg |
| Impact Strength | | 55 | cm |
| Maximum Crushing Strength | 246 | 415 | kg/cm2 |
| Shearing Strength | | 93 | kg/cm2 |
| Stiffness | 74 | 90 | 1000 kg/cm2 |
| Toughness | | 192 | cm-kg |
| Work to Maximum Load | 0.49 | 0.70 | cm-kg/cm3 |
| Specific Gravity | | 0.59 | |
| Weight | 624 | 608 | kg/m3 |
| Radial Shrinkage | 6 | | % |
References
Banks, C.H., Schoeman, J.P., Otto, K.P.,1977,The Mechanical Properties of Timbers with particular reference to South,Africa,South African Forestry Research Institute Bulletin,(Ed.,Schoeman, J.P. 1973 & Otto K.P. 1976,No.48
Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 6 Europe,TRADA, Red Booklet Series
Farmer, R.H.,1972,Handbook of Hardwoods,HMSO
HMSO. 1981. Handbook of Hardwoods, 2nd Edition. Revised by R.H. Farmer. Department of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Princes Risborough Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire.
HMSO. 1985. Broadleaves. Forestry Commission Booklet No. 20. Text by H.E. Edlin. Revised by A.F. Mitchell. Forestry Commission, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Lavers, G.M. 1967. The Strength Properties of Timbers. Forest Products Research Bulletin, No. 50 (Spersedes Bulletin No. 45). Ministry of Technology, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.
Lavers, G.M.,1983,The Strength Properties of Timber (3rd ed. revised Moore G.L.,Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, Building Research,Establishment Report (formerly Bulletin No.50)
Lincoln, W.A. 1986. World Woods in Color. Linden Publishing Co. Inc. Fresno, California.
Patterson, D. 1988. Commercial Timbers of the World. Fifth Edition. Gower Technical Press, Aldershot, UK. ix + 339 pp.
Patterson, D.,1988,Commercial Timbers of the World, 5th Edition,Gower Technical Press
T.D.A.,1942,Timber Leaflet - No.68 Plane,TRADA Timber Leaflet
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