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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Drying Defects Ease of Drying Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Kiln Schedules Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Nailing Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Identification Tree Size Turning Varnishing Scientific Name Podocarpus dacrydioides Trade Name Kahikatea Family Name Podocarpaceae Common Names Kahikatea, New Zealand pine, New Zealand podocarpus, New Zealand white pine, White pine Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] New Zealand Common Uses Boat building (general), Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Cooperages, Flooring, Food containers, Furniture, Joinery, Light construction, Lock gates, Matches, Plywood, Turnery, Vats, Veneer Heartwood Color Brown Yellow Orange Red Purple Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Sapwood Color White Yellow Brown Red White to yellow Same as heartwood Grain Straight Even Straight Texture Fine Fine Natural Durability Moderately durable Durable Perishable Non-durable Non durable Resistant to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Moderately durable Durable Kiln Schedules Drying (speed) is fast UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid Drying Defects Severe twisting/warping Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Rapidly Slowly Easy Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Naturally dries at a moderate speed Rapid Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) Tree Identification Bole/stem form is straight Bole/stem form is fluted Bole/stem form is buttressed Tree Size Tree height is 20-30 m Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Tree height is 10-20 m Tree height is 40-50 m Tree height is 30-40 m Bole length is 10-20 m Bole length is 0-10 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Bole length is 20-30 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Blunting Effect Little Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fair to Good Results Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Stable Not stable/prone to move Nailing Pre-Boring Recommended Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Planes well, to a good finish Resistance to Impregnation Resistant sapwood Resistant heartwood Sapwood is permeable Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Easy to machine Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Painting Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results Polishing Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Staining Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Staining (Characteristic) = non-staining Varnishing Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Strength Properties Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Max. crushing strength = low Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = soft Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 6111 9589 psi Density 27 lbs/ft3 Hardness 589 lbs Maximum Crushing Strength 2731 4743 psi Shearing Strength 1334 psi Stiffness 1103 1291 1000 psi Weight 26 23 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % Tangential Shrinkage 6 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 429 674 kg/cm2 Density 432 kg/m3 Hardness 267 kg Maximum Crushing Strength 192 333 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 93 kg/cm2 Stiffness 77 90 1000 kg/cm2 Weight 416 368 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 3 % References Bier, H.,1983,The strength properties of small clear specimens of New Zealand-grown,timber,New Zealand Forest Service Forest Research Institute, FRI Bulletin No.41 Brown, W.H.,1978,Timbers of the World, No. 8 Australasia,TRADA, Red Booklet Series Cockayne, L. and Phillips Turner, E.,1958,The trees of New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.12 Dallimore, W. and Jackson, A. Bruce,1966,A Handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae Fourth Ed. Revised by S.G.,Harrison,Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd. London Entrican, E.R.,1949,The properties and uses of Kahikatea or white pine (Podocarpus,dacrydioides,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.5 Howard, A.L.,1948,A Manual of Timbers of the World.,Macmillan & Co. Ltd. London 3rd ed. Kloot, N.H., Bolza, E.,1961,Properties of Timbers Imported into Australia,C.S.I.R.O. Forest Products Division Technological Paper,No.12 Rendle, B.J.,1969,World Timbers (3 Vols.,Ernest Benn Ltd. London Smith, S.W. and Entrican, A.R.,1957,Forestry in New Zealand,New Zealand Forest Service Information Series No.1 Stone, H.,1924,The Timbers of Commerce and their Identification,William Rider & Sons Ltd. London