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Clicking any heading in the main data area (at right) will scroll the page back to this top position. Use the following links to jump to the associated section in the main data. Blunting Effect Boring Carving Common Names Common Uses Countries of Distribution Cutting Resistance Distribution Overview Drying Defects Ease of Drying Environmental Profile Family Name Gluing Grain Heartwood Color Kiln Drying Rate Luster Mortising Moulding Movement in Service Natural Durability Numerical Data Painting Planing Polishing References Regions of Distribution Resistance to Impregnation Response to Hand Tools Routing & Recessing Sanding Sapwood Color Scientific Name Staining Steam Bending Strength Properties Texture Trade Name Tree Size Turning Varnishing Veneering Qualities Scientific Name Populus ciliata Trade Name Bangikat poplar Family Name Salicaeae Common Names Asan, Bagnu, Ban pipal, Bangikat poplar, Chanun, Chelaun, Cottonwood, Dud phras, Falis, Gad pipal, Krammal, Pabe, Palach, Paluch, Phalassu, Phalja, Piplas, Plachh, Poplar, Rikhan, Safeda, Sharphara, Suali Regions of Distribution Oceania and S.E. Asia Countries of Distribution  [VIEW MAP] Bhutan, China, India, Nepal Common Uses Baskets, Food containers, Matchboxes, Matches, Turnery Environmental Profile Questionable Extinct Endangered Vulnerable within its natural growth range Status unknown in many of its growth areas It status in the wild in most areas within its range including China, Bhutan, Myanmar or Burma, and India, is listed as unknown Distribution Overview The timber is distributed in the Himalayan region in India, from Kashmir to Bhutan, at elevations of 4000 to 10000 feet (1220 to 3050 m). Heartwood Color Brown Black Red Purple Brown - yellowish Sapwood Color White Yellow Pink Whitish Grain Even Straight Generally straight, but not always Texture Fine Medium Uniform Even or uniform Medium Luster Medium Low High Natural Durability Non-durable Susceptible to insect attack Perishable Durable Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Non-resistant to powder post beetles Moderately durable Drying Defects Collapse Internal Honeycombing Possible Distortion Resin Exudation Splitting Ease of Drying Fairly Easy Moderately Difficult to Difficult Rapidly Reconditioning Treatement Gum Exudation Little degrade Air dries easily and uniformly Kiln Drying Rate Naturally dries quickly Drying rate is slow Tree Size Trunk diameter is 100-150 cm Bole length is 10-20 m Tree height is 30-40 m Trunk diameter is 150-200 cm Tree height is 20-30 m Bole length is 20-30 m Bole length is 30-40 m Tree height is 40-50 m Sapwood width is 5-10 cm Sapwood width is 10-15 cm Bark width is 0-5 mm Sapwood width is 0-5 cm Blunting Effect High to severe Little Boring Fairly easy to very easy Fair to good results Carving Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Cutting Resistance Easy to saw Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Gluing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Mortising Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Moulding Fairly Easy to Very Easy Poor to Very Poor Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Movement in Service Excellent Stability - Small Movement Planing Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Resistance to Impregnation Permeable heartwood Permeable sapwood Response to Hand Tools Easy to Work Responds Readily Fairly Difficult to Difficult to Work Routing & Recessing Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Sanding Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Fairly Easy to Very Easy Very Good to Excellent Results Turning Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Veneering Qualities Suitable for peeling Veneers moderately easy Veneers easily Difficult to veneer No drying degrade Steam Bending Fair to Good Results Painting Fair to Good Results Polishing Poor to Very Poor Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Staining Fair to Good Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Varnishing Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Strength Properties Weight = moderate Low resistance to denting and marring Hardness (side grain) = soft Density = medium Compression strength (parallel to grain) = low Bending strength (MOR) = medium Numerical Data Item Green Dry English Bending Strength 4596 9555 psi Crushing Strength 216 451 psi Density 27 lbs/ft3 Hardness 426 lbs Impact Strength 19 28 inches Maximum Crushing Strength 2029 5145 psi Shearing Strength 916 psi Static Bending 2274 5655 psi Stiffness 1083 1492 1000 psi Work to Maximum Load 4 9 inch-lbs/in3 Specific Gravity 0.35 0.37 Weight 37 26 lbs/ft3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % Volumetric Shrinkage 15 % Item Green Dry Metric Bending Strength 323 671 kg/cm2 Crushing Strength 15 31 kg/cm2 Density 432 kg/m3 Hardness 193 kg Impact Strength 48 71 cm Maximum Crushing Strength 142 361 kg/cm2 Shearing Strength 64 kg/cm2 Static Bending 159 397 kg/cm2 Stiffness 76 104 1000 kg/cm2 Work to Maximum Load 0.28 0.63 cm-kg/cm3 Specific Gravity 0.35 0.37 Weight 592 416 kg/m3 Radial Shrinkage 4 % Tangential Shrinkage 10 % References Limaye, V.D. 1954. Grouping of Indian Timbers and their Properties, Uses and Suitability. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 2, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Limaye, V.D. and B.R. Sen. 1953. Weights and Specific Gravities of Indian Woods. Indian Forest Records, New Series. Timber Mechanics, Vol. 1, No. 4, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. Rawat, B. S., Rawat, N. S., Sekhar, A. C., Bhatnager, S. S. 1957. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Timbers Tested at the Forest Research Institute, Report XI. Indian Forest Records, Timber Mechanics Branch, Volume 1 No. 12, Dehra Dun, India Troup, R.S. 1909. Indian Woods and Their Uses. The Indian Forest Memoirs, Economic Products Series, Volume 1, No. 1. Superintendent, Government Printing, Calcutta, India. WCMC. 1992. Conservation Status Listing - Trees and Timbers of the World. World Conservation Monitoring Center-Plants Programme, Cambridge, CB3 ODL, United Kingdom.